UCLA LING 1 FINAL CERTIFICATION
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS GRADED A
PLUS
⩥ Velars.
Answer: raise back part of tongue to soft palate/velum [k] [g]
⩥ Glottals.
Answer: flow of air through open glottis [h] OR produced if air is
stopped at glottis bu tightly closed vocal cords (vocal stop)
⩥ Labiovelar.
Answer: pursed lips and raising back of tongue to velum [w]
⩥ voicing.
Answer: are vocal cords vibrating or not?
voiceless: vocal cords are fairly open, air flows freely through glottis.
voiced: vocal cords are relatively close together, is they vibrate.
⩥ manner of articulation (7 ways).
Answer: the extent to which airflow is interrupted by parts of the mouth
in the production of consonant sounds
,1. stops
2. aspiration
3. fricatives
4. trilled
5. affricates
6. liquids
7. glides
⩥ stops.
Answer: complete obstruction of air flow in vocal tract.
oral stops (velum is raised, blocks nasal cavity. can only be heard when
followed by other sound): [p] [b] [t] [d] [k]
nasal stops (velum is lowered to open nasal cavity): [m] [n]
⩥ aspiration.
Answer: puff of air escapes after stop is released and before vocal cords
begin vibrating. voiceless oral stops are aspirated in word initial
position.
⩥ fricatives.
Answer: major, but not complete obstruction of vocal tract opening
through which air escapes is small, so turbulent noise results. [v]
, ⩥ affricates.
Answer: briefly stopping airflow completely, then slightly releasing
closure so a fricative-like noise is made.
⩥ liquids.
Answer: minor obstruction of vocal tract with tongue, but air still passes
through. [l] is a lateral liquid. [r] is a retroflex liquid, tip of tongue is
curled back behind alveolar ridge.
⩥ glides.
Answer: very small obstruction of airflow. articulators move closer
together, but not by much. [j], [w], [ju]
⩥ diphthongs.
Answer: a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single
syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward
another (vowel and glide). at least 3 exist in English: [aj] as in eye, [aw]
as in house, [?] as in boy
⩥ syllabic sounds.
Answer: syllable nuclei are almost always vowels, but occasionally we
allow liquids/nasals to act as nucleus. syllabic consonants are marked as
diacritics, or a schwa.
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS GRADED A
PLUS
⩥ Velars.
Answer: raise back part of tongue to soft palate/velum [k] [g]
⩥ Glottals.
Answer: flow of air through open glottis [h] OR produced if air is
stopped at glottis bu tightly closed vocal cords (vocal stop)
⩥ Labiovelar.
Answer: pursed lips and raising back of tongue to velum [w]
⩥ voicing.
Answer: are vocal cords vibrating or not?
voiceless: vocal cords are fairly open, air flows freely through glottis.
voiced: vocal cords are relatively close together, is they vibrate.
⩥ manner of articulation (7 ways).
Answer: the extent to which airflow is interrupted by parts of the mouth
in the production of consonant sounds
,1. stops
2. aspiration
3. fricatives
4. trilled
5. affricates
6. liquids
7. glides
⩥ stops.
Answer: complete obstruction of air flow in vocal tract.
oral stops (velum is raised, blocks nasal cavity. can only be heard when
followed by other sound): [p] [b] [t] [d] [k]
nasal stops (velum is lowered to open nasal cavity): [m] [n]
⩥ aspiration.
Answer: puff of air escapes after stop is released and before vocal cords
begin vibrating. voiceless oral stops are aspirated in word initial
position.
⩥ fricatives.
Answer: major, but not complete obstruction of vocal tract opening
through which air escapes is small, so turbulent noise results. [v]
, ⩥ affricates.
Answer: briefly stopping airflow completely, then slightly releasing
closure so a fricative-like noise is made.
⩥ liquids.
Answer: minor obstruction of vocal tract with tongue, but air still passes
through. [l] is a lateral liquid. [r] is a retroflex liquid, tip of tongue is
curled back behind alveolar ridge.
⩥ glides.
Answer: very small obstruction of airflow. articulators move closer
together, but not by much. [j], [w], [ju]
⩥ diphthongs.
Answer: a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single
syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward
another (vowel and glide). at least 3 exist in English: [aj] as in eye, [aw]
as in house, [?] as in boy
⩥ syllabic sounds.
Answer: syllable nuclei are almost always vowels, but occasionally we
allow liquids/nasals to act as nucleus. syllabic consonants are marked as
diacritics, or a schwa.
