UCLA LING 1 FINAL ACTUAL TEST
PAPER VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A
PLUS
⩥ Language as a tool.
Answer: Tool for communication. Speakers encode meaning into sounds
or hand shapes, and listeners decode speech into meaning.
⩥ Language as knowledge.
Answer: What do you KNOW when you know a language? You have a
finite set of building blocks and rules, and you know how to use them.
Unconscious knowledge.
⩥ Expletive Infixation.
Answer: It was never taught to us, yet all English speakers agree on
expletive placement.
⩥ Phonetics.
Answer: study of speech sounds. you understand the inventory of sounds
in your language and intuitively know the mouth shape (shown by
McGurk effect)
⩥ phonology.
,Answer: understanding the sound patterns that are possible in your
language, such as the way the plural -s is pronounced at the ends of
words.
⩥ Morphology.
Answer: study of form. you know a variety of words in your language,
you know potential words, and how to form more complex words with
less ones.
⩥ lexicon.
Answer: mental dictionary of words you know, lets you build more
complex words. you know constraints on how a word can be built.
⩥ Semantics.
Answer: know how to assign meaning to words in a given sentence
⩥ linguistic competence.
Answer: a term coined by linguist Noam Chomsky to refer to the
mastery of adult grammar. what you can do, systematic knowledge of
building blocks. what you know in your mind
⩥ linguistic performance.
Answer: actual language use, reflecting linguistic competence and the
communication constraints. subject to physical limitations.
,⩥ case study 1: don't split infinitives!.
Answer: rule came from other languages, but doesn't apply to english,
which prescriptive people don't always address.
⩥ creativity.
Answer: finite set of words/rules with infinite outcomes. sentences can
not be memorized or learned by imitation. children are highly productive
in use of language. we can create/understand novel sentences without
effort. children have linguistic creativity, can say things that are
ungrammatical in adult language.
⩥ universal grammar.
Answer: Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a
similar underlying structure. all had creativity, phonology, arbitrariness,
lexicon, phonetic system, morphology, syntax and semantics. all have
ways of forming questions, ways of negating an utterance, means for
indicating when an action takes place, and a set of discrete sounds or
gestures.
⩥ why are double negatives supposed to be bad?.
Answer: 2 negatives create a positive in MATH not LANGUAGE
⩥ development of grammar.
, Answer: all children acquire language of environment, acquire language
spontaneously, exhibit linguistic creativity, and pass through similar
stages as they build their own grammar. shows strong biological
component of language and language acquisition is constrained.
⩥ prescriptive grammar.
Answer: - Rules of grammar (often based on Latin) used by teachers
- What speaker's rules should be
you can still usually understand people when they break these rules.
⩥ descriptive grammar.
Answer: describes a language - the way that people use it - w/out
judging whether the utterance is correct or incorrect. the way that people
actually talk.
⩥ Arbitrariness.
Answer: a property of language describing the fact that there is no
natural connection between a linguistic form and its meaning
⩥ stimulus freedom.
Answer: the ability to say anything at all—including nothing—in any
circumstances.
⩥ dialect: popular understanding.
PAPER VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A
PLUS
⩥ Language as a tool.
Answer: Tool for communication. Speakers encode meaning into sounds
or hand shapes, and listeners decode speech into meaning.
⩥ Language as knowledge.
Answer: What do you KNOW when you know a language? You have a
finite set of building blocks and rules, and you know how to use them.
Unconscious knowledge.
⩥ Expletive Infixation.
Answer: It was never taught to us, yet all English speakers agree on
expletive placement.
⩥ Phonetics.
Answer: study of speech sounds. you understand the inventory of sounds
in your language and intuitively know the mouth shape (shown by
McGurk effect)
⩥ phonology.
,Answer: understanding the sound patterns that are possible in your
language, such as the way the plural -s is pronounced at the ends of
words.
⩥ Morphology.
Answer: study of form. you know a variety of words in your language,
you know potential words, and how to form more complex words with
less ones.
⩥ lexicon.
Answer: mental dictionary of words you know, lets you build more
complex words. you know constraints on how a word can be built.
⩥ Semantics.
Answer: know how to assign meaning to words in a given sentence
⩥ linguistic competence.
Answer: a term coined by linguist Noam Chomsky to refer to the
mastery of adult grammar. what you can do, systematic knowledge of
building blocks. what you know in your mind
⩥ linguistic performance.
Answer: actual language use, reflecting linguistic competence and the
communication constraints. subject to physical limitations.
,⩥ case study 1: don't split infinitives!.
Answer: rule came from other languages, but doesn't apply to english,
which prescriptive people don't always address.
⩥ creativity.
Answer: finite set of words/rules with infinite outcomes. sentences can
not be memorized or learned by imitation. children are highly productive
in use of language. we can create/understand novel sentences without
effort. children have linguistic creativity, can say things that are
ungrammatical in adult language.
⩥ universal grammar.
Answer: Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a
similar underlying structure. all had creativity, phonology, arbitrariness,
lexicon, phonetic system, morphology, syntax and semantics. all have
ways of forming questions, ways of negating an utterance, means for
indicating when an action takes place, and a set of discrete sounds or
gestures.
⩥ why are double negatives supposed to be bad?.
Answer: 2 negatives create a positive in MATH not LANGUAGE
⩥ development of grammar.
, Answer: all children acquire language of environment, acquire language
spontaneously, exhibit linguistic creativity, and pass through similar
stages as they build their own grammar. shows strong biological
component of language and language acquisition is constrained.
⩥ prescriptive grammar.
Answer: - Rules of grammar (often based on Latin) used by teachers
- What speaker's rules should be
you can still usually understand people when they break these rules.
⩥ descriptive grammar.
Answer: describes a language - the way that people use it - w/out
judging whether the utterance is correct or incorrect. the way that people
actually talk.
⩥ Arbitrariness.
Answer: a property of language describing the fact that there is no
natural connection between a linguistic form and its meaning
⩥ stimulus freedom.
Answer: the ability to say anything at all—including nothing—in any
circumstances.
⩥ dialect: popular understanding.
