NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 2026/2027 | Practice Questions, Answers & Exam Preparation

NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_haovvk

1. Primary immunodefi- -less common and occur in result of single gene defects (defect on the
ciency development of the immune system)
-this could involve antibody deficiencies, B- and T- cell deficiencies,
defects in the phagocytic cells and deficiency of complement
-something is lacking with the immune system

Ex: B-lymphocyte deficiency is one of the most common forms of primary
immunodeficiency

2. Examples of primary -Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood
immunodeficiency -DiGeorge Syndrome
-Familial Mediterranean fever
-Job Syndrome
-Common Variable Immunodeficiency

3. Secondary Immunode- -conditions where the immune system becomes compromised because
ficiency of a complication of some other physiological condition or disease
-can be caused by cancer, effect from a drug (chemotherapeutic agents
that suppress immune system), and infections that compromise the
immune system

Ex: Patient with HIV gets pneumocystis carinii

4. What is is a predom- -malnutrition
inant cause of sec-
ondary immune defi-
ciencies worldwide?

5. Examples of secondary -Pneumocystis Carinii
immunodeficiency -HIV
-PNA
-Sinus infection
-Lung cancer

1

, NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_haovvk


6. Hypersensitivity Type I - allergic reaction
-mediated by IgE
-mast cells are the primary effector cells involved
-inflammation due to mast cell degranulation

7. Hypersensitivity Type I Local: itching, rash
symptoms Systemic: wheezing

8. Hypersensitivity Type I Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction -> systemic response ->
example hypertension -> severe bronchoconstriction

Treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects

9. Hypersensitivity Type II -cytotoxic reaction
-tissue/organ specific
-macrophages are primary effector cells involved
-can cause tissue damage or alter function

Mechanism: Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of:
1. Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement
2. Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis
3. Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction
4. Antibody-dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity
5. Antireceptor antibodies

10. Hypersensitivity Type II 1. Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism): altering thyroid function, but does
examples not destroy thyroid tissue

2. Incompatible blood type (ABO incompatibility): cell/tissue damage
occurs
-severe transfusion reaction -> transfused erythrocytes destroyed by ag-
glutination or complement-mediated lysis


2

, NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_haovvk

3. Drug allergies

4. Hemolytic anemia

11. Graves disease -Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for TSH

12. ABO incompatibility -Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse

13. Hypersensitivity Type -NOT organ specific
III -antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood of body fluids -> complex is then deposited in
the tissues
-organ rejection involved cytotoxicity
-antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into cytotoxic
T-cells
-neutrophils are the primary effector cells

14. Raynaud's phenome- -Complex deposited in small peripheral vessels in cool temperatures
non leading to vasoconstriction and blocked circulation

15. Hypersensitivity Type 1. Rheumatoid arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
III examples
2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): antigen/antibodies deposit in
organs that cause tissue damage

3. Serum sickness

4. Raynaud's phenomenon

16. Systemic Lupus Erythe- -facial rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
matosus (autoimmune -discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
response) -photosensitivity (rash developed as a result to light exposure)
-oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
-hematologic disorders

3

, NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_haovvk

-immunologic disorders
-non-erosive arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints
-serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
-renal disorder
-neurologic disorder
-presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)




17. Autoimmunity -reaction of immune response to one's own tissues
-can be familial

18. Autoimmunity exam- -Systemic Lupus Erthyematosus
ples -Rheumatoid Arthritis
-Multiple Sclerosis
-Sjogren's Syndrome

19. T or F: T-Cells, B-cells, True
and autoantibodies are
immune components
involved in autoim-
mune diseases

20. T or F: The present- False
ing signs and symp-
toms of an autoim-
mune disease is similar
across all autoimmune
diseases

4