HEALTHCARE ECONOMICS MIDTERM EXAM 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What are the two explanations as to why higher educated individuals have better health? - ANS-
Better health among the educated and declining health among the aging.
According to the Grossman model is health something that happen to us or is it chosen? - ANS-
According to the Grossman model, health is something that is CHOSEN
According to the Grossman model, do we choose when we die? - ANS-YES
Is the Grossman model a useful tool for understanding trade offs of health? - ANS-YES THE
GROSSMAN MODEL useful tool for understanding the roles and tradeoffs of health
Which model do we use to understand the empirical findings about the relationship between
socioeconomic status and health? - ANS-the GROSSMAN MODEL - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH
Individuals make their choices about their health based on {3} - ANS-Time constraints, budget
constraints, and utility.
Optimal amount of health H* changes because of ____ and ___ - ANS-Optimal health changes
based on DECISIONS and TRADE OFFS
What type of evidence do we use to show how socioeconomic status affects health and choices
about health? - ANS-Empirical evidence
,What is the definition of a health disparity? - ANS-differences in health --incidence, prevalence,
mortality, and burden of disease -- between specific populations
Death rates for all cancer types for both men and women are highest among AFRICAN
AMERICANS is an example of what - ANS-Health disparity
death rates for all cancer, male and female are highest among African Americans
Health disparities are everywhere {worldwide} across all {races, educational attainments,
employment grades, and incomes. Broadly across all {_____} - ANS-Socioeconomic statuses
College graduates are 25% more likely to survive a higher age than high school drop outs {true
or false} - ANS-True
Health disparities: by race
hispanics vs. black individuals
white vs. hispanics and blacks
health deteriorates with age across all races - ANS-hispanics report better health status than
black individuals
white individuals report better health than blacks and hispanics combined
Do higher income individuals report better health - ANS-yes
, What are some exceptions of higher income individuals reporting better health - ANS-Bronchitis
{no difference}
Hay fever {rich appear to be diagnosed more often}
Does the richer children getting diagnosed because of they are more likely to be diagnosed? -
ANS-yes, they go to the doctor more so they get more diagnosis
Theories to explain heath disparities: 6 reasons/theories - ANS-early life events, income levels,
stress of being poor, work capacity, impatience, adherence to medical advice
Policy is important to understanding causes of disparities before addressing them {true or false}
- ANS-true
Hypotheses for health disparities {there are 8} - ANS-efficient producer: better-educated
individuals are more efficient producers of health than less well-educated individuals
Grossman predicts that people who are more efficient health producers will have higher H*
Hypotheses for health disparities {there are 8}: thrifty phenotype - ANS-thrifty phenotype:
Genetic reasons for being inefficient at producing health
Deprivation of resources (food) in utero and early childhood leads to activation of "thrifty"
genes that are useful for sparse environmental conditions
These "thrifty" genes good for scarce environments but bad in conditions of abundance
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What are the two explanations as to why higher educated individuals have better health? - ANS-
Better health among the educated and declining health among the aging.
According to the Grossman model is health something that happen to us or is it chosen? - ANS-
According to the Grossman model, health is something that is CHOSEN
According to the Grossman model, do we choose when we die? - ANS-YES
Is the Grossman model a useful tool for understanding trade offs of health? - ANS-YES THE
GROSSMAN MODEL useful tool for understanding the roles and tradeoffs of health
Which model do we use to understand the empirical findings about the relationship between
socioeconomic status and health? - ANS-the GROSSMAN MODEL - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH
Individuals make their choices about their health based on {3} - ANS-Time constraints, budget
constraints, and utility.
Optimal amount of health H* changes because of ____ and ___ - ANS-Optimal health changes
based on DECISIONS and TRADE OFFS
What type of evidence do we use to show how socioeconomic status affects health and choices
about health? - ANS-Empirical evidence
,What is the definition of a health disparity? - ANS-differences in health --incidence, prevalence,
mortality, and burden of disease -- between specific populations
Death rates for all cancer types for both men and women are highest among AFRICAN
AMERICANS is an example of what - ANS-Health disparity
death rates for all cancer, male and female are highest among African Americans
Health disparities are everywhere {worldwide} across all {races, educational attainments,
employment grades, and incomes. Broadly across all {_____} - ANS-Socioeconomic statuses
College graduates are 25% more likely to survive a higher age than high school drop outs {true
or false} - ANS-True
Health disparities: by race
hispanics vs. black individuals
white vs. hispanics and blacks
health deteriorates with age across all races - ANS-hispanics report better health status than
black individuals
white individuals report better health than blacks and hispanics combined
Do higher income individuals report better health - ANS-yes
, What are some exceptions of higher income individuals reporting better health - ANS-Bronchitis
{no difference}
Hay fever {rich appear to be diagnosed more often}
Does the richer children getting diagnosed because of they are more likely to be diagnosed? -
ANS-yes, they go to the doctor more so they get more diagnosis
Theories to explain heath disparities: 6 reasons/theories - ANS-early life events, income levels,
stress of being poor, work capacity, impatience, adherence to medical advice
Policy is important to understanding causes of disparities before addressing them {true or false}
- ANS-true
Hypotheses for health disparities {there are 8} - ANS-efficient producer: better-educated
individuals are more efficient producers of health than less well-educated individuals
Grossman predicts that people who are more efficient health producers will have higher H*
Hypotheses for health disparities {there are 8}: thrifty phenotype - ANS-thrifty phenotype:
Genetic reasons for being inefficient at producing health
Deprivation of resources (food) in utero and early childhood leads to activation of "thrifty"
genes that are useful for sparse environmental conditions
These "thrifty" genes good for scarce environments but bad in conditions of abundance
