Abnormal Psychology Chapters 1-7 Exam
Psychological Disorder / Abnormal Behavior 1) a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is 2) associated with
distress or impairment in functioning and 3) a response that is not typical or
culturally expected
Phobia a psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an
object or situation
Abnormal Behavior 1) psychological dysfunction 2) personal distress 3) atypical or not culturally
expected
Prevalence Number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time
Incidence Number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period
Course Pattern of development and change of a disorder over time
Supernatural tradition Physical and mental disorders were considered the work of the devil
Biological tradition Caused by brain pathology or head trauma and could be influenced by genetics
Psychological tradition Approaches to the causation of psychopathology, which focus not only on
psychological factors but on social and cultural ones as well
Humanistic theory Setting goals, looking toward the future, and realizing one's fullest potential
Behavioral model Brought the systematic development of a more scientific approach to
psychological aspects of psychopathology
The Present: scientific method and an integrative Our behavior is a product of a continual interaction of psychological, biological,
approach and social influences
Id The unconscious psychical entity present at birth representing basic drives
Ego The psychical entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy
id drives
Superego The psychical entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents and
society
Multidimensional Integrative Approach Asserts that no single influence operates in iaolation
, Abnormal Psychology Chapters 1-7 Exam
Diathesis-stress Model Both an inherited tendency and specific stressful conditions are required to
produce a disorder
Reciprocal gene-environment model People with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic
tendency to create environment risk factors that promote the disorder
Epigenetics The study of factors other than inherited DNA sequence that alter the phenotypic
expression of genes
Serotonin Regulates behavior, moods, and thought processes (happiness)
Norepinephrine Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, among other functions
Dopamine To activate other neurotransmitters and to aid in exploratory and pleasure-
seeking behaviors
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions, especially generalized anxiety
Glutamate Excites many different neurons, leading to action
Learned helplessness Give up on attempting to cope
Learned optimism Happiness makes you function better
Prepared Learning We learn to fear some objects easier than others
Implicit memory Selective memory (can't remember certain events)
Explicit memory Good memory
Black box Unobservable feelings and cognition's inferred from an individuals self-report
Equifinality A behavior or disorder may have several causes
Clinical assessment Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social
factors
Psychological Disorder / Abnormal Behavior 1) a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is 2) associated with
distress or impairment in functioning and 3) a response that is not typical or
culturally expected
Phobia a psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an
object or situation
Abnormal Behavior 1) psychological dysfunction 2) personal distress 3) atypical or not culturally
expected
Prevalence Number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time
Incidence Number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period
Course Pattern of development and change of a disorder over time
Supernatural tradition Physical and mental disorders were considered the work of the devil
Biological tradition Caused by brain pathology or head trauma and could be influenced by genetics
Psychological tradition Approaches to the causation of psychopathology, which focus not only on
psychological factors but on social and cultural ones as well
Humanistic theory Setting goals, looking toward the future, and realizing one's fullest potential
Behavioral model Brought the systematic development of a more scientific approach to
psychological aspects of psychopathology
The Present: scientific method and an integrative Our behavior is a product of a continual interaction of psychological, biological,
approach and social influences
Id The unconscious psychical entity present at birth representing basic drives
Ego The psychical entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy
id drives
Superego The psychical entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents and
society
Multidimensional Integrative Approach Asserts that no single influence operates in iaolation
, Abnormal Psychology Chapters 1-7 Exam
Diathesis-stress Model Both an inherited tendency and specific stressful conditions are required to
produce a disorder
Reciprocal gene-environment model People with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic
tendency to create environment risk factors that promote the disorder
Epigenetics The study of factors other than inherited DNA sequence that alter the phenotypic
expression of genes
Serotonin Regulates behavior, moods, and thought processes (happiness)
Norepinephrine Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, among other functions
Dopamine To activate other neurotransmitters and to aid in exploratory and pleasure-
seeking behaviors
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions, especially generalized anxiety
Glutamate Excites many different neurons, leading to action
Learned helplessness Give up on attempting to cope
Learned optimism Happiness makes you function better
Prepared Learning We learn to fear some objects easier than others
Implicit memory Selective memory (can't remember certain events)
Explicit memory Good memory
Black box Unobservable feelings and cognition's inferred from an individuals self-report
Equifinality A behavior or disorder may have several causes
Clinical assessment Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social
factors
