NURS 3366 Exam 2 The University of Texas at Arlington Questions with 100% Verified Answers Latest Update

NURS 3366 Exam 2 The University of Texas at Arlington
Questions with 100% Verified Answers Latest Update

Question: Answer:
Innate resistance? natural- mechanisms born with


Question: Answer:
What are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lines of defense in innate 1st- physical barriers (skin); immediate & nonspecific
resistance? 2nd- inflammation; immediate and nonspecific
3rd- Acquired (adaptive) immunity


Question: Answer:
Acquired (adaptive) immunity also the 3rd line of defense
-resist certain disease because of immunocytes
-delayed and specific


Question: Answer:
What are immunocytes? lymphocytes- B and T cells


Question: Answer:
What is the 1st line of defense and how does it work? Skin!
-sweat has antibacterial and antifungal properties


Question: Answer:
Eye defense? 1st line of defense
-tears (Sjogren's syndrome) autoimmune that dries up lubricating
fluids all over body not
just tears
-eyelashes


Question: Answer:
Respiratory defense? mucus in nose traps bacteria
cilia of bronchi cells sweep away foreign bodies
cough reflex

,Question: Answer:
Gastrointestinal defense? -saliva with protective enzymes
-HCl in stomach
gage reflex/vomiting gets rid of injurious agents
-bowels


Question: Answer:
Genitourinary defense? -flow of urine washes away microbes
-vaginal secretions slightly acidic-kills bacteria


Question: Answer:
What is the second line of defense- inflammation -swelling
characterized by? -heat
-erythema (redness)
-pain
-if not enough will bring in 3rd line of defense- acquired immunity


Question: Answer:
What are B and T cells? T lymphocytes- defend body by direct attack against invaders
B lymphocytes- defend body by differentiating into plasma cells,
creating antibodies and
will now "lay in wait" and always "remember"


Question: Answer:
Antigens? proteins that can stimulate immunocyte reaction against them
-normal for body to respond to antigens that are foreign to our body,
but abnormal to
respond to self antigens


Question: Answer:
Antibodies? IgG, IgA, IgE
-proteins that respond with specificity according to type of antigen
entering body


Question: Answer:
What is active acquired immunity? person own immunocyte system developed the antibodies that
established immunity

,Question: Answer:
Natural active acquired immunity? persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to
microbially-induced sickness


Question: Answer:
Artificial active acquired immunity? persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to receiving
immunization
booster can be given for MMR because antibodies become weaker
over time


Question: Answer:
Passive acquired immunity? given someone elses antibodies and did not develop the antibodies
on their own


Question: Answer:
Natural passive acquired immunity? transfer of antibodies from mom to baby via placenta (MatAb
antibodies cross placental
membrane from her blood to fetus and disintegrate by time baby is
2-3 months old) or
breast milk (some MatAbs can transfer during breast feeding but
after baby stops
breastfeeding, MatAbs disintegrate)
temporary antibodies!!


Question: Answer:
Artificial passive acquired immunity? antibodies are injected during treatment in emergencies until active
immunity can
develop
ex: TIG (tetanus immunoglobin) given to pt with dirty would who has
never had
tetanus/has not had booster in long time


Question: Answer:
What are advantages and disadvantages of passive immunity? advantages:
-powerful to immediately fight disease
-immediately begin attacking microbes
disadvantages:
-only lasts as long as antibody lasts- about 2 weeks

, Question: Answer:
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response? facilitate shifting of substances from blood into injured/irritated
tissues to:
-clean up healing area, begin clotting process and promote healing
-stimulate enhanced immunocyte response as needed


Question: Answer:
Step 1 of inflammatory response? Leakiness in 3 ways
1- irritated/injured cells that makeup tissues undergo disruption to
metabolic pathway--
loss of cell membrane integrity--leakage of fluid in area
2- mast cell degranulation occurs (tissue in body made up of mast
cells)--stimulated by
injury- will degranulate and LEAK chemical "granules"-- local
inflammatory mediators
(leukotrienes, histamine, prostaglandins)
3-cause capillaries in area to swell up and vasodilate (relax) and
more permeable so leak
plasma from blood to tissue and this leaking plasma contains
neutrophils, clotting factors
and fibring
if MORE inflammation is needed- SYSTEMIC inflammatory mediators
come to area via
bloodstream to "POUR FUEL ON FIRE" aka ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS-
CPR, circulating
prostaglandins