Test bank For Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse 2nd Edition by Lucie Dlugasch; Lachel Story Chapter 1-14 | 9781284255614

Test bank For Applied Pathophysiology for
the Advanced Practice Nurse 2nd Edition by
Lucie Dlugasch; Lachel Story Chapter 1-14 |
9781284255614

,
,Chapter 1: Cellular Function and Pathophysiology
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Multiple Choice Questions hg hg




1. Protein hormones and enzymes are stored in the __________, awaiting signals to be rele
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ased into the cell.
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A) food vacuole
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B) Golgi complex
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C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
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D) secretory vesicles
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Correct Answer: D hg hg




Rationale: Secretory vesicles store proteins such as hormones and enzymes and release them via e
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xocytosis when signaled. The Golgi complex packages these substances, but storage occurs in secr
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etory vesicles until release is triggered .
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2. Low serum albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can cause edema because:
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A) oncotic pressure increases
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B) oncotic pressure decreases
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C) osmotic pressure increases
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D) hydrostatic pressure decreases
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Correct Answer: B hg hg




Rationale: Albumin is the primary plasma protein responsible for maintaining oncotic (colloid osm
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otic) pressure. Low albumin decreases oncotic pressure, allowing fluid to leak into interstitial space
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s, resulting in edema .
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3. Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles and then fuse with the cell membrane fo
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r release. This is an example of:
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A) pinocytosis
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B) phagocytosis
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C) exocytosis
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D) endocytosis
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Correct Answer: C hg hg




Rationale: Exocytosis is the process by which vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release their
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contents (e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones, waste products) into the extracellular space. This is th
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e reverse of endocytosis .
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, 4. What is a possible reason for increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities with older
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maternal age?
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A) Ova meiosis is complete by the time a girl is born thereby making them less likely to divide
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properly
B) The older ova are more likely to have errors during meiosis
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C) Older ova are more likely to have p53 gene mutations
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D) Ova are continuously produced thereby increasing the chance of creating defective ova
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Correct Answer: B hg hg




Rationale: Ova are arrested in meiosis I from birth until ovulation. With advancing maternal age,
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the older ova are more likely to have errors during meiosis, leading to chromosomal abnormalitie
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s such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) .
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5. DNA that is transmitted from parents to offspring mainly comes from the:
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A) mitochondria
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B) nucleolus
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C) ribosomes
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D) nucleushg




Correct Answer: D hg hg




Rationale: The nucleus contains the genetic code (DNA) that is transmitted from parents to offspri
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ng. While mitochondria contain their own DNA, the vast majority of inherited genetic material res
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ides in the nucleus .
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6. A patient will be receiving stem cells obtained from a donor's blood (allogenic transpl
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ant) for leukemia. These stem cells are categorized as multipotent because they can mak
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e:

A) multiple types of cells in the body
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B) only white blood cells
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C) all types of blood cells
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D) differentiated cells that can become any cell
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Correct Answer: C hg hg




Rationale: Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a limited range of cell types within a specifi
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c lineage. Hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent because they can give rise to all types of bloo
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d cells but not all cells of the body. Pluripotent cells can become any cell type .
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