Pediatric Neuro Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j9bnbo
1. where are upper motor contained in CNS, cell bodies in cerebral cortex and brainstem
neurons? natural sig-
nals tell body to do natural signals are HYPER --> tell muscles to contract. normal UMN's send
what? inhibitory signals to stop this
2. examples of upper mo- Stroke, cerebral palsy, spinal cord + brain injuries, MS, brain tumors, ALS,
tor neuron conditions genetic conditions
3. examples of lower mo- Spinal muscular atrophy, Bell's palsy, polio myelitis, guillain-barre, ALS,
tor neuron conditions genetic conditions
4. where are lower motor cell bodies in spinal cord grey matter, go into peripheral
neurons
Direct influence on muscle cells
5. Neuron's primary fuel glucose
source
6. at what age in embry- week 3-4 of embryologic development
ponc development does
neural tube close?
7. main cranial neural tube Cranial meningocele, Cranial encephalocele
defectS?
8. Cranial meningocele vs M: CSF-filled sac
Cranial encephalocele
E: sac + cerebral cortex, cerebellum, or brainstem
9. how are cranial NTD di- prenatal, seen on US. maternal serum alfa fetoprotein will be elevated!
agnsoed?
10. Meningocele: meninges & CSF protrude
, Pediatric Neuro Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j9bnbo
Spinal NTD: Meningo- Myelomeningocele: (aka Spina Bidida Cystica), Meninges, CSF, and
cele vs. Myelomeningo- spinal cord tissue protrudes. more severe
cele.
11. Spina Bifida occulta failure of fusion of the posterior vertebral laminae
Often asymptomatic, no consequence
12. s/s Spina Bifida occulta tuft of hair, midline dimple, cutaneous angioma, subcutaneous mass
(lipoma)
13. what is Arnold Chiari II downward displacement of cerebellum, cerebral tonsils, brainstem, and
Malformation? 4th ventricle
14. s/s of Arnold Chiari II altered CB fxn, hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia
Malformation?
Associated w myelomeningocele
15. Microcephaly diagnos- HC > 3 SDs below mean
tic criteria
16. cause of Microcephaly primary is genetic (migration disorders), secondary (viral ’zika)
17. most common cause of BESSI = benign enlargement of sub-arachnoid spaces of infancy
macrocephaly?
18. treatment of BESSI? Self-limiting until 3-4 months old, just monitor
19. main cause for Hydro- Obstruction: aqueductal stenosis (most commonly in 4th ventricle)
cephalus
20. s/s of Hydrocephalus if cranial sutures are open ’enlargement
depending on age
if cranial sutures are closed ’AMS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j9bnbo
1. where are upper motor contained in CNS, cell bodies in cerebral cortex and brainstem
neurons? natural sig-
nals tell body to do natural signals are HYPER --> tell muscles to contract. normal UMN's send
what? inhibitory signals to stop this
2. examples of upper mo- Stroke, cerebral palsy, spinal cord + brain injuries, MS, brain tumors, ALS,
tor neuron conditions genetic conditions
3. examples of lower mo- Spinal muscular atrophy, Bell's palsy, polio myelitis, guillain-barre, ALS,
tor neuron conditions genetic conditions
4. where are lower motor cell bodies in spinal cord grey matter, go into peripheral
neurons
Direct influence on muscle cells
5. Neuron's primary fuel glucose
source
6. at what age in embry- week 3-4 of embryologic development
ponc development does
neural tube close?
7. main cranial neural tube Cranial meningocele, Cranial encephalocele
defectS?
8. Cranial meningocele vs M: CSF-filled sac
Cranial encephalocele
E: sac + cerebral cortex, cerebellum, or brainstem
9. how are cranial NTD di- prenatal, seen on US. maternal serum alfa fetoprotein will be elevated!
agnsoed?
10. Meningocele: meninges & CSF protrude
, Pediatric Neuro Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j9bnbo
Spinal NTD: Meningo- Myelomeningocele: (aka Spina Bidida Cystica), Meninges, CSF, and
cele vs. Myelomeningo- spinal cord tissue protrudes. more severe
cele.
11. Spina Bifida occulta failure of fusion of the posterior vertebral laminae
Often asymptomatic, no consequence
12. s/s Spina Bifida occulta tuft of hair, midline dimple, cutaneous angioma, subcutaneous mass
(lipoma)
13. what is Arnold Chiari II downward displacement of cerebellum, cerebral tonsils, brainstem, and
Malformation? 4th ventricle
14. s/s of Arnold Chiari II altered CB fxn, hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia
Malformation?
Associated w myelomeningocele
15. Microcephaly diagnos- HC > 3 SDs below mean
tic criteria
16. cause of Microcephaly primary is genetic (migration disorders), secondary (viral ’zika)
17. most common cause of BESSI = benign enlargement of sub-arachnoid spaces of infancy
macrocephaly?
18. treatment of BESSI? Self-limiting until 3-4 months old, just monitor
19. main cause for Hydro- Obstruction: aqueductal stenosis (most commonly in 4th ventricle)
cephalus
20. s/s of Hydrocephalus if cranial sutures are open ’enlargement
depending on age
if cranial sutures are closed ’AMS
