NUR 376 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Latest
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,Brian, age 28, began an aerobic exercise program 2 years ago. Brian now competes in long-distance
cycling events and considers himself to be an endurance athlete who is in the "best shape of his life." An
echocardiogram reveals a slightly enlarged left ventricle. What cellular change or injury that is best
exemplified by the case scenario. - correct ans:Physiologic hypertrophy
An ADAPTIVE type of hypertrophy that occurs due to extensive exercise, whereby the heart will create
new blood vessel branches (angiogenesis) and there is increased mitochondria, ATP, and actin/myosin
filaments in the muscle.
Recently, Karen learned that not only does HIV directly attack CD4 cells, but the presence of the virus
seems to activate pathways responsible for programmed cell death in CD4 cells. Thus, HIV infection
appears to increase the rate of "suicide" for CD4 cells. - correct ans:Apoptosis
Define dysplasia - correct ans:Compared to normal cells, cells demonstrating dysplasia are atypical in
size and shape. Dysplasia does not mean the cells are cancerous. However, some screening tests, such
as the Pap smear, examine tissues to determine if any cellular changes are taking place. Any changes in
the cells can then be monitored over time.
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old woman. Biopsy results revealed
proliferating cells that were well-differentiated and resembled surrounding cells. The cells were
contained within a well-defined area. - correct ans:Benign neoplasia.
Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass of tissue resulting is known as a
"neoplasm." In a benign neoplasm, the cells do not have the characteristics associated with malignancy.
The cells, although cancerous, are well-differentiated, meaning they resemble normal, mature cells. The
cells are also in a contained area and are unlikely to spread.
Miguel, a retired warehouse supervisor, had a myocardial infarction. Further evaluation revealed he had
significant blockage in his left descending coronary artery. The blockage resulted in ischemia and cell
death for those cells served by the artery. - correct ans:Necrosis
Necrosis is premature cell death caused by cell injury. Necrosis differs from apoptosis, in that the cellular
destruction results from some form of trauma, rather than genetic programming. May lead to
GANGRENE which is when dead tissue houses bacteria.
, Julianne, who suffers from familial hypercholesterolemia, presents with xanthomas. Xanthomas are
excess cholesterol deposits, which appear as yellow skin lesions. What cell process is this - correct
ans:Intracellular accumulation.
Some disease processes stimulate intracellular accumulations of particles, such as calcium, cholesterol,
and triglycerides, glucose, among other substances. In familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect
causes decreased cellular uptake of cholesterol, resulting in high serum cholesterol levels. Cholesterol
deposits, known as xanthomas, may appear to form under the skin.
Janae experienced a frightening ATV accident, in which her ATV flipped over and she ended up catching
a portion of her upper arm on a barbed wire fence. Although Janae's injuries healed fully, enlarged,
keloid scar formations remain at the injury site. - correct ans:Hyperplasia
cell proliferation, known as hyperplasia, was stimulated as a result of her injury. A keloid results from
overgrowth of granulation tissue during the wound repair process.
Hypertension that leads to workload on the left ventricle and thus enlargement would be deemed? -
correct ans:Pathological hypertrophy.
No blood vessel growth and increased workload would lead to ischemia and enlargement of the heart.
NCLEX TIP: Left ventricular hypertrophy would lead to displacement of the PMI during chest palpation.
Hyperplasia occurs from which two mechanisms? - correct ans:An INCREASE in the number of cells in a
tissue or organ.
1) hormonal (estrogen stimulating the mitotic division of breast gland cells; also BPH in older males)
2) overcompensation during regeneration (keloid scars)
Andy has undergone a colonoscopy because his family has a history of colon cancer. Biopsy of the colon
reveals poorly differentiated cells in the samples. Cells were abnormally organized, with distorted
recent and frequently tested with
comprehensive questions and verified
accurate solution (detailed & elaborated)
GRADED A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
Proctored Exam Assistance
Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
Exam Preparation & Study Materials
Assignments and Coursework Support
Essays and Research Papers
Discussion Posts and Replies
CONTACT INFORMATION
WHATAPPSLINK- https://wa.me/254784769540
,Brian, age 28, began an aerobic exercise program 2 years ago. Brian now competes in long-distance
cycling events and considers himself to be an endurance athlete who is in the "best shape of his life." An
echocardiogram reveals a slightly enlarged left ventricle. What cellular change or injury that is best
exemplified by the case scenario. - correct ans:Physiologic hypertrophy
An ADAPTIVE type of hypertrophy that occurs due to extensive exercise, whereby the heart will create
new blood vessel branches (angiogenesis) and there is increased mitochondria, ATP, and actin/myosin
filaments in the muscle.
Recently, Karen learned that not only does HIV directly attack CD4 cells, but the presence of the virus
seems to activate pathways responsible for programmed cell death in CD4 cells. Thus, HIV infection
appears to increase the rate of "suicide" for CD4 cells. - correct ans:Apoptosis
Define dysplasia - correct ans:Compared to normal cells, cells demonstrating dysplasia are atypical in
size and shape. Dysplasia does not mean the cells are cancerous. However, some screening tests, such
as the Pap smear, examine tissues to determine if any cellular changes are taking place. Any changes in
the cells can then be monitored over time.
A biopsy of a skin lesion is conducted on Leann, a 48-year-old woman. Biopsy results revealed
proliferating cells that were well-differentiated and resembled surrounding cells. The cells were
contained within a well-defined area. - correct ans:Benign neoplasia.
Neoplasia is uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth. The mass of tissue resulting is known as a
"neoplasm." In a benign neoplasm, the cells do not have the characteristics associated with malignancy.
The cells, although cancerous, are well-differentiated, meaning they resemble normal, mature cells. The
cells are also in a contained area and are unlikely to spread.
Miguel, a retired warehouse supervisor, had a myocardial infarction. Further evaluation revealed he had
significant blockage in his left descending coronary artery. The blockage resulted in ischemia and cell
death for those cells served by the artery. - correct ans:Necrosis
Necrosis is premature cell death caused by cell injury. Necrosis differs from apoptosis, in that the cellular
destruction results from some form of trauma, rather than genetic programming. May lead to
GANGRENE which is when dead tissue houses bacteria.
, Julianne, who suffers from familial hypercholesterolemia, presents with xanthomas. Xanthomas are
excess cholesterol deposits, which appear as yellow skin lesions. What cell process is this - correct
ans:Intracellular accumulation.
Some disease processes stimulate intracellular accumulations of particles, such as calcium, cholesterol,
and triglycerides, glucose, among other substances. In familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect
causes decreased cellular uptake of cholesterol, resulting in high serum cholesterol levels. Cholesterol
deposits, known as xanthomas, may appear to form under the skin.
Janae experienced a frightening ATV accident, in which her ATV flipped over and she ended up catching
a portion of her upper arm on a barbed wire fence. Although Janae's injuries healed fully, enlarged,
keloid scar formations remain at the injury site. - correct ans:Hyperplasia
cell proliferation, known as hyperplasia, was stimulated as a result of her injury. A keloid results from
overgrowth of granulation tissue during the wound repair process.
Hypertension that leads to workload on the left ventricle and thus enlargement would be deemed? -
correct ans:Pathological hypertrophy.
No blood vessel growth and increased workload would lead to ischemia and enlargement of the heart.
NCLEX TIP: Left ventricular hypertrophy would lead to displacement of the PMI during chest palpation.
Hyperplasia occurs from which two mechanisms? - correct ans:An INCREASE in the number of cells in a
tissue or organ.
1) hormonal (estrogen stimulating the mitotic division of breast gland cells; also BPH in older males)
2) overcompensation during regeneration (keloid scars)
Andy has undergone a colonoscopy because his family has a history of colon cancer. Biopsy of the colon
reveals poorly differentiated cells in the samples. Cells were abnormally organized, with distorted
