Penn Foster Radiology Proctor Exam Test 2024\2025.
Positioning
the way the animal looks when lying on the table ( the side the animal is on, positioning aids,
and if limbs are being pulled)
Landmark
parts of the animal that are used to determine whether you are going to radiographs the
whole area of interest
↳ ex: Thorax Radiograph = thoracic inlet and last rib , Abdominal Radiograph = just cranial
to xiphoid and the coxofemoral joint.
Thorax Radiographs should be shot with __ kVP
lower kVP
Abdominal Radiographs should be shot with __ kVp.
higher kVp.
On a Lateral Thoracic Radiograph, a TRUE LATERAL means
the right and left ribs over the heart will be superimposed to look as one.
The most common error for Abdominal Radiographs is
not including the liver (make sure to get the full outline of the diaphragm)
Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)
Evaluation for hip dysplasia
Animals are normally evaluated at 2 years of age
University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program (PennHIP) evaluates for what?
When can a patient be evaluated for this?
Dogs can start to be evaluated at 16 weeks of age and are evaluated for distraction index
(measure of hip laxity = distance the ball can be displaced from the hip socket), Arthritis and
Breed Laxity ranking
The bone rule states
the beam should be centered over the mid-section of the bone, and it should include the
joints at each end of the bone.
The joint rule states
all joint radiographs should be centered directly over the joint and should include
approximately one inch of each of the bones that make the joint.
, Penn Foster Radiology Proctor Exam Test 2024\2025.
Thoracic Girdle
scapula and clavicle (shoulder)
When should dental radiographs be taken?
should be taken after the cleaning is done
and should also be taken before and after tooth removal - first to determine if a tooth needs
to come out and then once removed to make sure the tooth root was completely removed.
How many dental x-rays are needed for the full mouth?
~ 8-12
Where is the digital radiography sensor is placed ?
It is placed in the oral cavity with the crown of the tooth on the sensor edge.
Positioning for dental radiographs
The patient can be placed in sternal, lateral, or dorsal recumbency
Parallel Technique is used for which teeth?
similar to taking a lateral radiograph and is used to image the mandibular fourth premolars
and molars
bisecting angle technique
used to image the rest of the teeth by using the plane of the root of the tooth and the plane
of the sensor. The bisecting angle is the line between the two planes.
what are Special Equipment for exotics (birds and pocket pets?)?
Positioning boards for birds, Special Film or cassettes for finer detail, Plexiglass and making
tape for birds
Velcro
Paper Towel roll for pocket pets
How to take large animal pelvis x-rays
Pelvis views require a recumbent patient therefore they need full anesthesia to do this
safely
Contrast Media
materials that when given to an animal, will help show structures that are normally hard to
see (ex: inside of a tubular organ)
Positive Contrast
shows up white on a radiograph (blocks x-rays from hitting the film
Positioning
the way the animal looks when lying on the table ( the side the animal is on, positioning aids,
and if limbs are being pulled)
Landmark
parts of the animal that are used to determine whether you are going to radiographs the
whole area of interest
↳ ex: Thorax Radiograph = thoracic inlet and last rib , Abdominal Radiograph = just cranial
to xiphoid and the coxofemoral joint.
Thorax Radiographs should be shot with __ kVP
lower kVP
Abdominal Radiographs should be shot with __ kVp.
higher kVp.
On a Lateral Thoracic Radiograph, a TRUE LATERAL means
the right and left ribs over the heart will be superimposed to look as one.
The most common error for Abdominal Radiographs is
not including the liver (make sure to get the full outline of the diaphragm)
Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)
Evaluation for hip dysplasia
Animals are normally evaluated at 2 years of age
University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program (PennHIP) evaluates for what?
When can a patient be evaluated for this?
Dogs can start to be evaluated at 16 weeks of age and are evaluated for distraction index
(measure of hip laxity = distance the ball can be displaced from the hip socket), Arthritis and
Breed Laxity ranking
The bone rule states
the beam should be centered over the mid-section of the bone, and it should include the
joints at each end of the bone.
The joint rule states
all joint radiographs should be centered directly over the joint and should include
approximately one inch of each of the bones that make the joint.
, Penn Foster Radiology Proctor Exam Test 2024\2025.
Thoracic Girdle
scapula and clavicle (shoulder)
When should dental radiographs be taken?
should be taken after the cleaning is done
and should also be taken before and after tooth removal - first to determine if a tooth needs
to come out and then once removed to make sure the tooth root was completely removed.
How many dental x-rays are needed for the full mouth?
~ 8-12
Where is the digital radiography sensor is placed ?
It is placed in the oral cavity with the crown of the tooth on the sensor edge.
Positioning for dental radiographs
The patient can be placed in sternal, lateral, or dorsal recumbency
Parallel Technique is used for which teeth?
similar to taking a lateral radiograph and is used to image the mandibular fourth premolars
and molars
bisecting angle technique
used to image the rest of the teeth by using the plane of the root of the tooth and the plane
of the sensor. The bisecting angle is the line between the two planes.
what are Special Equipment for exotics (birds and pocket pets?)?
Positioning boards for birds, Special Film or cassettes for finer detail, Plexiglass and making
tape for birds
Velcro
Paper Towel roll for pocket pets
How to take large animal pelvis x-rays
Pelvis views require a recumbent patient therefore they need full anesthesia to do this
safely
Contrast Media
materials that when given to an animal, will help show structures that are normally hard to
see (ex: inside of a tubular organ)
Positive Contrast
shows up white on a radiograph (blocks x-rays from hitting the film
