GEY 3601 -Exam 2-Practice Exam With
100% Solved Solutions.
Sensory Systems (7) - Answer Vision (sight)
Audition (hearing)
Vestibular (balance)
Kinesthetic ("muscle sense")
Tactile (touch-pain, pressure)
Gustation (taste)
Olfaction (smell)
When age-related changes happen to sensory systems - Answer 40's - 50's gradual decline
70's - 80's limit behavior
Adaptability and compensation for sensory systems - Answer Adaptability- rising above decline
Compensation- using tools to rise above decline
Most important for vision and audtition
Sensory threshold - Answer increases with age, neuron needs to reach certain threshold,
needs more stimulation to get an outcome.
Farsightedness (Hyperopia) - Answer Rays focus behind the retinal surface, nearby objects are
blurry
Nearsightedness (Myopia - Answer Rays focus in front of the retinal surface, close objects
appear clearly, but far ones don't.
Astigmatism (Irregularities of Cornea/Lens) - Answer Blurred or indistinct images
Age related changes of cornea: - Answer Thicker & Less Curved
Affects refractive ability (astigmatism!)
Arcus Senilus "Gray Ring" may form after 60
Age related changes of Anterior Chamber: - Answer Decreases in size
,Lens may put pressure at the drainage site
Increasing intraocular pressure -> Glaucoma!
Age related changes of the Iris: - Answer Eye color fades slightly
Age related changes of Pupil: - Answer Pupil diameter decreases with age:
- 1/3 of the amount
-"Miosis" is due to changes in muscles of the iris
Some decrease in dilation ability: Affects ability to see in dark!
Age related changes of Lens - Refraction & Accommodation - Answer Thicker, denser, and less
elastic
Yellowing of the lens changes color vision (unaware)
Better discrimination between bright colors
Opaqueness = Cataracts
Farsightedness increases, near-vision decreases
Why behavior changes may be misinterpreted: - Answer Medication adherence - capsule color
Mismatched/dirty clothing
How nursing homes can compensate to vision: - Answer Paint doors bright colors!: Increases
interaction, orientation, depth perception
Age related changes of Vitreous Humor: - Answer More liquid-like, less gel-like
Less transparent (blurred vision)
Floaters - loose cells/tissue casting shadows on the retina, annoying but not dangerous
Age related changes of Retina: - Answer Blood vessels & capillaries atrophy
Loss in rods & cones
Light & dark adaptation decreases
Chemical sensitivity of rods/cones
Implications of Decreased Visual Acuity: - Answer Increase illimitation, eliminate glare, large-
print materials
Implications of Light & Dark Adaptation: - Answer Create less light/dark intensities
, Implications of Visual Threshold - Answer greater illumination needed
Implications of greater sensitivity to glare: - Answer Decrease white/shiny surfaces, exposed
light bulbs
Implications of Peripheral Vision - Answer Cars with sensors, bright colored dining-wear
Cataract -> Opaque lens (Most common age-related eye disorder): (Causes, - Answer Causes:
Metabolic changes in proteins of the lens?
Risk Factors:
High blood pressure, diabetes, corticosteroid drugs, excessive sunlight exposure, alcohol abuse,
maybe family history
Symptoms:
Myopia (nearsightedness)
Sensitivity to glare
May cause "second sight"
Halos, blurred vision, decreased light/color
Treatment:
Surgery to remove the lens (95% success)
Prescription eyeglasses
Contact lenses (why worse for old age?)
Intraocular lens (plastic)
Prevention!
Wearing a sun-hat & sunglasses (UVA/UVB)
Smoking cessation
Nutrition (prevent oxidation)
Protective glasses when using power tools
Eye examinations
Maintaining a healthy weight
100% Solved Solutions.
Sensory Systems (7) - Answer Vision (sight)
Audition (hearing)
Vestibular (balance)
Kinesthetic ("muscle sense")
Tactile (touch-pain, pressure)
Gustation (taste)
Olfaction (smell)
When age-related changes happen to sensory systems - Answer 40's - 50's gradual decline
70's - 80's limit behavior
Adaptability and compensation for sensory systems - Answer Adaptability- rising above decline
Compensation- using tools to rise above decline
Most important for vision and audtition
Sensory threshold - Answer increases with age, neuron needs to reach certain threshold,
needs more stimulation to get an outcome.
Farsightedness (Hyperopia) - Answer Rays focus behind the retinal surface, nearby objects are
blurry
Nearsightedness (Myopia - Answer Rays focus in front of the retinal surface, close objects
appear clearly, but far ones don't.
Astigmatism (Irregularities of Cornea/Lens) - Answer Blurred or indistinct images
Age related changes of cornea: - Answer Thicker & Less Curved
Affects refractive ability (astigmatism!)
Arcus Senilus "Gray Ring" may form after 60
Age related changes of Anterior Chamber: - Answer Decreases in size
,Lens may put pressure at the drainage site
Increasing intraocular pressure -> Glaucoma!
Age related changes of the Iris: - Answer Eye color fades slightly
Age related changes of Pupil: - Answer Pupil diameter decreases with age:
- 1/3 of the amount
-"Miosis" is due to changes in muscles of the iris
Some decrease in dilation ability: Affects ability to see in dark!
Age related changes of Lens - Refraction & Accommodation - Answer Thicker, denser, and less
elastic
Yellowing of the lens changes color vision (unaware)
Better discrimination between bright colors
Opaqueness = Cataracts
Farsightedness increases, near-vision decreases
Why behavior changes may be misinterpreted: - Answer Medication adherence - capsule color
Mismatched/dirty clothing
How nursing homes can compensate to vision: - Answer Paint doors bright colors!: Increases
interaction, orientation, depth perception
Age related changes of Vitreous Humor: - Answer More liquid-like, less gel-like
Less transparent (blurred vision)
Floaters - loose cells/tissue casting shadows on the retina, annoying but not dangerous
Age related changes of Retina: - Answer Blood vessels & capillaries atrophy
Loss in rods & cones
Light & dark adaptation decreases
Chemical sensitivity of rods/cones
Implications of Decreased Visual Acuity: - Answer Increase illimitation, eliminate glare, large-
print materials
Implications of Light & Dark Adaptation: - Answer Create less light/dark intensities
, Implications of Visual Threshold - Answer greater illumination needed
Implications of greater sensitivity to glare: - Answer Decrease white/shiny surfaces, exposed
light bulbs
Implications of Peripheral Vision - Answer Cars with sensors, bright colored dining-wear
Cataract -> Opaque lens (Most common age-related eye disorder): (Causes, - Answer Causes:
Metabolic changes in proteins of the lens?
Risk Factors:
High blood pressure, diabetes, corticosteroid drugs, excessive sunlight exposure, alcohol abuse,
maybe family history
Symptoms:
Myopia (nearsightedness)
Sensitivity to glare
May cause "second sight"
Halos, blurred vision, decreased light/color
Treatment:
Surgery to remove the lens (95% success)
Prescription eyeglasses
Contact lenses (why worse for old age?)
Intraocular lens (plastic)
Prevention!
Wearing a sun-hat & sunglasses (UVA/UVB)
Smoking cessation
Nutrition (prevent oxidation)
Protective glasses when using power tools
Eye examinations
Maintaining a healthy weight
