NURS 221
EXAM 1, 2 & 3
ACTUAL Questions with Rationales
(Concepts of Pathophysiology in Nursing)
Drexel University
This Document Description:
This document contains a collection of Verified
questions with accurate Answers with
Rationales from EXAMS 1, 2 & 3 of NURS 221
at the Drexel University. It covers core topics
assessed in the course and reflects the actual exam format and
question style. Ideal for exam preparation and concept
reinforcement.
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
NURS 221 - EXAM 1, 2 & 3 - ACTUAL Questions with Rationales - (Concepts of Pat
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
OPEN FULL ORIGINAL PDF
,Table of Contents
NURS 221 EXAM 1 ................................................................... 2
NURS 221 EXAM 2 ................................................................. 32
NURS 221 EXAM 3 ................................................................. 96
NURS 221 EXAM 1
The blood cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The formed elements include
erythrocytes, which transport oxygen; leukocytes, which support immune defense; and
platelets, which assist with hemostasis and clot formation.
The granulocytes most responsible for defense against bacteria are __________.
Correct Answer:
neutrophils
Expert Explanation:
Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes and are the primary first-line cellular
responders to acute bacterial infection. They use phagocytosis and antimicrobial
enzymes to destroy invading bacteria.
Around 55% of blood volume consists of __________.
Correct Answer:
plasma
,Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Plasmamakes
Plasma makesup upabout
about55%
55%ofof total
total blood
blood volume.
volume. It contains
It contains water,
water, electrolytes,
electrolytes,
such as
proteins such asalbumin
albuminand
andclotting
clottingfactors,
factors,nutrients,
nutrients,hormones,
hormones,and
andwaste
waste products.
products.
Bloodisisclassified
Blood classifiedasas a specialized
a specialized type
type of connective
of connective tissue.
tissue.
true
a. true
false
b. false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
true
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Blood is
Blood isconsidered
consideredconnective
connectivetissue
tissue because
because it contains
it contains cells
cells suspended
suspended in an
in an
matrix, which
extracellular matrix, which isisplasma.
plasma.Its
Itsfunctions
functionsinclude
includetransport,
transport,regulation,
regulation,and
and
protection.
Red blood
Red bloodcells
cellsare
areprimarily
primarily responsible
responsible forfor oxygen
oxygen transport.
transport.
true
a. true
false
b. false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
true
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Redblood
Red bloodcells
cellscontain
containhemoglobin,
hemoglobin,which
whichbinds
binds oxygen
oxygen in in
thethe lungs
lungs and
and transports
transports it it
tissues. This
to tissues. Thismakes
makeserythrocytes
erythrocytesessential
essentialforfor tissue
tissue oxygenation
oxygenation and
and cellular
cellular
metabolism.
Hematopoiesisisisthought
Hematopoiesis thoughttotobe
becontrolled
controlledbyby hormone-like
hormone-like factors
factors known
known as as
__________.
__________.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
cytokines
cytokines
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Cytokinesand
Cytokines andgrowth
growthfactors
factorsregulate
regulatehematopoiesis
hematopoiesisbybyinfluencing
influencing stem
stem cell
cell
differentiation, proliferation,
differentiation, proliferation, and
and maturation
maturation in
in the bone marrow.
,Bone marrow
Bone marrowbiopsy
biopsyisisused
usedtoto assess
assess thethe number
number of blood
of blood cells.
cells.
a. true
true
b. false
false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
b. false
b. false
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
A complete
complete blood
blood count
countassesses
assessesthe thenumber
numberofof circulating
circulating blood
blood cells.
cells. A bone
A bone marrow
marrow
biopsy evaluates
evaluatesmarrow
marrowcellularity,
cellularity,abnormal
abnormalcell
cellgrowth,
growth,marrow
marrowinfiltration,
infiltration,and
and
hematopoietic function
function rather than simply
simply counting
counting circulating
circulatingcells.
cells.
__________
__________ are main
are the the main functional
functional cells cells
of theofimmune
the immune system.
system.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
lymphocytes
lymphocytes
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Lymphocytes,especially
Lymphocytes, especiallyBBcells
cells and
and T cells,
T cells, areare central
central to adaptive
to adaptive immunity.
immunity. B cells
B cells
antibodies, while
produce antibodies, whileTTcells
cellsmediate
mediatecellular
cellular immune
immune responses.
responses.
stem cells
Pluripotent stem cellscan
canbebeharvested
harvestedforfor
anan arterial
arterial blood
blood sample.
sample.
true
a. true
false
b. false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
b. false
b. false
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
hematopoietic stem
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
cellsare
arefound
foundprimarily
primarilyininbone
bonemarrow
marrowand
andcan
can also
also
obtained from
be obtained from peripheral
peripheral blood
blood after
after mobilization
mobilization or
or umbilical
umbilicalcord
cordblood.
blood.They
Theyare
are
not harvested from aa routine
harvested from routine arterial
arterial blood
blood sample.
sample.
Thrombocytesare
Thrombocytes arealso
alsoknown
knownasas __________.
__________.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
platelets
platelets
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Thrombocytesare
Thrombocytes areplatelets,
platelets,which
whichare
arecell
cell fragments
fragments derived
derived from
from megakaryocytes.
megakaryocytes.
, 221Exam
Nurs 221 Exam22
Thenurse
1. The nurseisismonitoring
monitoringhourly
hourly urine
urine output
output ofof a client
a client diagnosed
diagnosed withwith
hypovolemicshock.
hypovolemic shock.The
The nurse
nurse is most
is most concerned
concerned if the
if the client's
client's output
output is: is:
20 mL/hour
a. 20 mL/hour
40 mL/hour
b. 40 mL/hour
c. 60
c. 60mL/hour
mL/hour
80 mL/hour
d. 80 mL/hour
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
20 mL/hour
a. 20 mL/hour
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
hypovolemic shock,
In hypovolemic shock,decreased
decreasedcirculating
circulating volume
volume lowers
lowers renal
renal perfusion.
perfusion. Urine
Urine
output below 30 mL/hour
output mL/hour is
is concerning
concerningbecause
becauseit itsuggests
suggests inadequate
inadequate kidney
kidney blood
blood
tissueperfusion.
flow and impaired tissue perfusion.
A client
2. A clientrecovered
recoveredfrom
frominfluenza
influenza2 2days
daysagoago and
and informs
informs thethe nurse
nurse thatthat
sheshe
is is
better but now
feeling better now has
hasaafever,
fever,chills,
chills,pain
pain when
when breathing,
breathing, and
and a productive
a productive
cough.What
cough. Whatcomplication
complicationdoes
does the
the nurse
nurse anticipate
anticipate thethe client
client willwill
be be treated
treated for?for?
A secondary
a. A secondarybacterial
bacterialpneumonia
pneumonia
A relapse
b. A relapseof
ofthe
theflu
flu
c. Reye
c. Reyesyndrome
syndrome
Tuberculosis
d. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
A secondary
a. A secondarybacterial
bacterialpneumonia;
pneumonia; people
people usually
usually start
start to feel
to feel better
better andand then
then
symptomsreturn
symptoms return
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Influenza can
Influenza candamage
damagerespiratory
respiratoryepithelium
epitheliumandandimpair
impairlocal
localimmune
immunedefenses,
defenses,
bacteria to
allowing bacteria to invade.
invade.AAreturn
returnof
offever,
fever,chills,
chills,pleuritic
pleuriticpain,
pain,and
andproductive
productive cough
cough
after improvement is classic
classicfor
forsecondary
secondarybacterial
bacterialpneumonia.
pneumonia.
Whichclient
3. Which clientisisatatrisk
riskfor
fordeveloping
developing acute
acute respiratory
respiratory failure?
failure?
A middle-aged
a. A middle-agedmalemalediagnosed
diagnosedwithwithamyotrophic
amyotrophiclateral
lateralsclerosis
sclerosis (ALS)
(ALS) whowho
hashas
pneumonia with low O2 O2 saturation
saturation
An older
b. An older adult
adult female
femaleliving
livingininsenior
seniorhousing
housingwho
whohas
hasbeen
been exposed
exposed to to a "cold"
a "cold" while
while
, visited
her grandchildren visited
c. AA teenager
c. teenagerininaahigh
highschool
schoolwho
whohas
hashad
hadanan increase
increase in student
in student absences
absences duedue to an
to an
outbreak of strep throat
throat
d. AA toddler in daycare
daycarewhowhohas
hasbeen
beensharing
sharingtoys
toys withpeers
with peers before
before the
the staff
staff could
could
sanitize properly
sanitize properly
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
A middle-aged
a. A middle-agedmale
malediagnosed
diagnosed with
with amyotrophic
amyotrophic lateral
lateral sclerosis
sclerosis (ALS)
(ALS) whowho
has pneumonia
has pneumoniawith
withlow
lowO2
O2saturation
saturation
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
ALS weakensrespiratory
ALS weakens respiratorymuscles,
muscles, reducing
reducing ventilation
ventilation andand cough
cough effectiveness.
effectiveness.
Pneumonia further
Pneumonia further impairs
impairs gas
gasexchange,
exchange,making
makingthis
thisclient
clientatathigh
highrisk
risk
forfor acute
acute
respiratory failure.
A client
4. A clientwith
withaahistory
historyofofchronic
chronic kidney
kidney disease
disease (CKD)
(CKD) is experiencing
is experiencing
increasingfatigue,
increasing fatigue,lethargy,
lethargy,and
andactivity
activityintolerance.
intolerance.The The care
care team
team has
has
establishedthat
established thatthe
theclient's
client'sglomerular
glomerularfiltration
filtrationraterate(GFR)
(GFR) remains
remains at at a low,
a low, butbut
stable, level.
stable, level.Which
Whichlaboratory
laboratoryassessments
assessments willwill
most most likely
likely be prescribed
be prescribed to help
to help
causeof
determine the cause ofthese
thesenew
newsymptoms?
symptoms?
Blood work
a. Blood workfor
for white
whitecells
cellsand
anddifferential
differential
Cystoscopyand
b. Cystoscopy andureteroscopy
ureteroscopy
c. Assessment
c. Assessmentofofpancreatic
pancreaticexocrine
exocrine and
and endocrine
endocrine function
function
Blood work
d. Blood work for
for hemoglobin,
hemoglobin, red
redblood
bloodcells,
cells,and
andhematocrit
hematocrit
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
d. Blood
d. Bloodwork
workfor
forhemoglobin,
hemoglobin, red
red blood
blood cells,
cells, andand hematocrit
hematocrit
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
CKDdecreases
CKD decreaseserythropoietin
erythropoietinproduction,
production,reducing
reducing red
red blood
blood cell
cell formation.
formation. Fatigue,
Fatigue,
activity intolerance
lethargy, and activity intolerancesuggest
suggestanemia,
anemia,sosohemoglobin,
hemoglobin, RBC
RBC count,
count, andand
appropriate tests.
hematocrit are appropriate tests.
Followingseveral
5. Following severalweeks
weeksofof increasing
increasing fatigue
fatigue and
and a subsequent
a subsequent diagnostic
diagnostic
workup, aa client
clienthas
hasbeen
beendiagnosed
diagnosed with
with mitral
mitral valve
valve regurgitation.
regurgitation. Failure
Failure of of
heart valve
this heart valve would
wouldhave
havewhich
whichhemodynamic
hemodynamic consequences?
consequences?
Backupof
a. Backup ofblood
bloodfrom
fromthe
theright
rightatrium
atriuminto
into the
thesuperior
superiorvena
venacava
cava
Backflowfrom
b. Backflow from the
theright
right ventricle
ventricleto
tothe
theright
right atrium
atrium during
during systole
systole
, Rheumatoidarthritis,
1. Rheumatoid arthritis,scleroderma,
scleroderma,and
andsystemic
systemic lupus
lupus erythematosus
erythematosus all have
all have
common?
what in common?
Theyare
a. They areexamples
examplesofofpostinfectious
postinfectiousdisorders
disorders
ofof systemic
systemic joint
joint function.
function.
Rashesare
b. Rashes arefound
foundwith
withallallofofthem.
them.
c. Weight-bearing
c. Weight-bearingjoints
jointsare
aremostmostaffected.
affected.
Theseare
d. These areimmune-mediated
immune-mediatedsystemic systemicdisorders
disorders
ofof joint
joint function.
function.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
d. These
d. Theseare
areimmune-mediated
immune-mediatedsystemic
systemic disorders
disorders of joint
of joint function.
function.
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis,
Rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma,
scleroderma,and andsystemic
systemiclupus
lupus erythematosus
erythematosus areare autoimmune
autoimmune
systemicdiseases.
or immune-mediated systemic diseases.They
They involve
involve abnormal
abnormal immune
immune responses
responses thatthat
damage connective
damage connectivetissue,
tissue,joints,
joints,blood
bloodvessels,
vessels, skin,
skin, and
and other
other organs.
organs.
A patient
2. A patient has
hasosteoarthritis.
osteoarthritis.Which
Whichprinciple
principleis is important
important forfor
thethe nurse
nurse to to
remember?
remember?
Thisisisaasystemic
a. This systemicautoimmune
autoimmunedisorder
disorderthat
thatcauses
causes symmetric
symmetric peripheral
peripheral arthritis
arthritis
Thisisisaatype
b. This typeofofarthritis
arthritiswhere
wherebacteria
bacteriainvade
invade the
the synovial
synovial membrane
membrane
c. This
c. Thisisisaaprogressive,
progressive,noninflammatory
noninflammatorydisease
disease of of weight-bearing
weight-bearing joints.
joints.
Thisisisaadeposition
d. This depositionofofuric
uricacid
acidcrystals
crystals
in in joints
joints causing
causing inflammation.
inflammation.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
c. This
c. Thisisisaaprogressive,
progressive, noninflammatory
noninflammatory disease
disease of weight-bearing
of weight-bearing joints.
joints.
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Osteoarthritis isis aadegenerative
degenerativejoint
jointdisease
diseasecaused
caused
byby progressive
progressive breakdown
breakdown of of
cartilage. ItIt commonly
articular cartilage. commonly affects
affectsweight-bearing
weight-bearingjoints
jointsand
andisisnot
notprimarily
primarily
infectious.
autoimmune or infectious.
A patient
3. A patient has
hasananeruption
eruptionofofvesicles
vesicles with
with erythematous
erythematous bases
bases localized
localized to ato a
segment of
dermatomal segment ofskin
skincaused
causedbyby the
the same
same virus
virus as as chickenpox.
chickenpox. Which
Which
disorder will
disorder willthe
theclinician
clinicianobserve
observe documented
documented onon
thethe chart?
chart?
Varrucae-warts
a. Varrucae-warts
Herpeszoster
b. Herpes zoster
c. Lichen
c. Lichenplanus
planus
Scleroderma
d. Scleroderma
,Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
b. Herpes
b. Herpeszoster
zoster
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Herpes zoster,
Herpes zoster,or orshingles,
shingles,occurs
occurswhen
when varicella-zoster
varicella-zoster virus
virus reactivates
reactivates in sensory
in sensory
ganglia. ItIt produces
nerve ganglia. producespainful
painfulvesicular
vesicularlesions
lesionsalong
along a dermatome.
a dermatome.
A patient
4. A patient has
hastinea
tineacorporis.
corporis.Which
Which area
area is is affected
affected andand which
which organism
organism causes
causes
disorder?
this disorder?
Scalpand
a. Scalp andbacteria
bacteria
b. Face
Faceand
andparasites
parasites
c. Trunk
Trunk and
andfungus
fungus
Groin and
d. Groin andviruses
viruses
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
c. Trunk
c. Trunkand
andfungus
fungus
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Tinea corporis
Tinea corporisisisaadermatophyte
dermatophytefungal
fungalinfection
infectionofofthe
thebody,
body,commonly
commonlyaffecting
affectingthe
the
trunk and extremities. It
It is
is often
often called
calledringworm
ringwormbecause
becauseofofitsitscircular
circularappearance.
appearance.
Clinicalmanifestations
5. Clinical manifestationsofofhypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
result from
a. result from decreased
decreasedneuromuscular
neuromuscularexcitability.
excitability.
are similar
b. are similar to
to those
thoseoccurring
occurringwith
withhypokalemia.
hypokalemia.
c. result
c. result from
from decreased
decreasedserum
serumionized
ionizedcalcium.
calcium.
are similar
d. are similar to
to those
thoseoccurring
occurringwith
withhypermagnesemia
hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
c. result
c. resultfrom
fromdecreased
decreasedserum
serum ionized
ionized calcium.
calcium.
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Hypoparathyroidism causes
Hypoparathyroidism causeslow
lowparathyroid
parathyroidhormone
hormonelevels,
levels, leading
leading toto decreased
decreased
calcium.Low
serum calcium. Lowionized
ionizedcalcium
calciumincreases
increases neuromuscular
neuromuscular excitability,
excitability, causing
causing
paresthesias,and
tetany, paresthesias, andmuscle
musclespasms.
spasms.
Secondaryinjury
6. Secondary injurythat
thatoccurs
occurs after
after reestablishing
reestablishing blood
blood flow
flow to ischemic
to an an ischemic
the brain
area of the brain is
iscalled
calledwhat
whatinjury?
injury?
, NURS 221
EXAM 1, 2 & 3
ACTUAL Questions with Rationales
(Concepts of Pathophysiology in Nursing)
Drexel University
This Document Description:
This document contains a collection of Verified
questions with accurate Answers with
Rationales from EXAMS 1, 2 & 3 of NURS 221
at the Drexel University. It covers core topics
assessed in the course and reflects the actual exam format and
question style. Ideal for exam preparation and concept
reinforcement.
EXAM 1, 2 & 3
ACTUAL Questions with Rationales
(Concepts of Pathophysiology in Nursing)
Drexel University
This Document Description:
This document contains a collection of Verified
questions with accurate Answers with
Rationales from EXAMS 1, 2 & 3 of NURS 221
at the Drexel University. It covers core topics
assessed in the course and reflects the actual exam format and
question style. Ideal for exam preparation and concept
reinforcement.
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
NURS 221 - EXAM 1, 2 & 3 - ACTUAL Questions with Rationales - (Concepts of Pat
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
OPEN FULL ORIGINAL PDF
,Table of Contents
NURS 221 EXAM 1 ................................................................... 2
NURS 221 EXAM 2 ................................................................. 32
NURS 221 EXAM 3 ................................................................. 96
NURS 221 EXAM 1
The blood cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The formed elements include
erythrocytes, which transport oxygen; leukocytes, which support immune defense; and
platelets, which assist with hemostasis and clot formation.
The granulocytes most responsible for defense against bacteria are __________.
Correct Answer:
neutrophils
Expert Explanation:
Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes and are the primary first-line cellular
responders to acute bacterial infection. They use phagocytosis and antimicrobial
enzymes to destroy invading bacteria.
Around 55% of blood volume consists of __________.
Correct Answer:
plasma
,Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Plasmamakes
Plasma makesup upabout
about55%
55%ofof total
total blood
blood volume.
volume. It contains
It contains water,
water, electrolytes,
electrolytes,
such as
proteins such asalbumin
albuminand
andclotting
clottingfactors,
factors,nutrients,
nutrients,hormones,
hormones,and
andwaste
waste products.
products.
Bloodisisclassified
Blood classifiedasas a specialized
a specialized type
type of connective
of connective tissue.
tissue.
true
a. true
false
b. false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
true
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Blood is
Blood isconsidered
consideredconnective
connectivetissue
tissue because
because it contains
it contains cells
cells suspended
suspended in an
in an
matrix, which
extracellular matrix, which isisplasma.
plasma.Its
Itsfunctions
functionsinclude
includetransport,
transport,regulation,
regulation,and
and
protection.
Red blood
Red bloodcells
cellsare
areprimarily
primarily responsible
responsible forfor oxygen
oxygen transport.
transport.
true
a. true
false
b. false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
true
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Redblood
Red bloodcells
cellscontain
containhemoglobin,
hemoglobin,which
whichbinds
binds oxygen
oxygen in in
thethe lungs
lungs and
and transports
transports it it
tissues. This
to tissues. Thismakes
makeserythrocytes
erythrocytesessential
essentialforfor tissue
tissue oxygenation
oxygenation and
and cellular
cellular
metabolism.
Hematopoiesisisisthought
Hematopoiesis thoughttotobe
becontrolled
controlledbyby hormone-like
hormone-like factors
factors known
known as as
__________.
__________.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
cytokines
cytokines
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Cytokinesand
Cytokines andgrowth
growthfactors
factorsregulate
regulatehematopoiesis
hematopoiesisbybyinfluencing
influencing stem
stem cell
cell
differentiation, proliferation,
differentiation, proliferation, and
and maturation
maturation in
in the bone marrow.
,Bone marrow
Bone marrowbiopsy
biopsyisisused
usedtoto assess
assess thethe number
number of blood
of blood cells.
cells.
a. true
true
b. false
false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
b. false
b. false
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
A complete
complete blood
blood count
countassesses
assessesthe thenumber
numberofof circulating
circulating blood
blood cells.
cells. A bone
A bone marrow
marrow
biopsy evaluates
evaluatesmarrow
marrowcellularity,
cellularity,abnormal
abnormalcell
cellgrowth,
growth,marrow
marrowinfiltration,
infiltration,and
and
hematopoietic function
function rather than simply
simply counting
counting circulating
circulatingcells.
cells.
__________
__________ are main
are the the main functional
functional cells cells
of theofimmune
the immune system.
system.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
lymphocytes
lymphocytes
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Lymphocytes,especially
Lymphocytes, especiallyBBcells
cells and
and T cells,
T cells, areare central
central to adaptive
to adaptive immunity.
immunity. B cells
B cells
antibodies, while
produce antibodies, whileTTcells
cellsmediate
mediatecellular
cellular immune
immune responses.
responses.
stem cells
Pluripotent stem cellscan
canbebeharvested
harvestedforfor
anan arterial
arterial blood
blood sample.
sample.
true
a. true
false
b. false
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
b. false
b. false
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
hematopoietic stem
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
cellsare
arefound
foundprimarily
primarilyininbone
bonemarrow
marrowand
andcan
can also
also
obtained from
be obtained from peripheral
peripheral blood
blood after
after mobilization
mobilization or
or umbilical
umbilicalcord
cordblood.
blood.They
Theyare
are
not harvested from aa routine
harvested from routine arterial
arterial blood
blood sample.
sample.
Thrombocytesare
Thrombocytes arealso
alsoknown
knownasas __________.
__________.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
platelets
platelets
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Thrombocytesare
Thrombocytes areplatelets,
platelets,which
whichare
arecell
cell fragments
fragments derived
derived from
from megakaryocytes.
megakaryocytes.
, 221Exam
Nurs 221 Exam22
Thenurse
1. The nurseisismonitoring
monitoringhourly
hourly urine
urine output
output ofof a client
a client diagnosed
diagnosed withwith
hypovolemicshock.
hypovolemic shock.The
The nurse
nurse is most
is most concerned
concerned if the
if the client's
client's output
output is: is:
20 mL/hour
a. 20 mL/hour
40 mL/hour
b. 40 mL/hour
c. 60
c. 60mL/hour
mL/hour
80 mL/hour
d. 80 mL/hour
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
20 mL/hour
a. 20 mL/hour
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
hypovolemic shock,
In hypovolemic shock,decreased
decreasedcirculating
circulating volume
volume lowers
lowers renal
renal perfusion.
perfusion. Urine
Urine
output below 30 mL/hour
output mL/hour is
is concerning
concerningbecause
becauseit itsuggests
suggests inadequate
inadequate kidney
kidney blood
blood
tissueperfusion.
flow and impaired tissue perfusion.
A client
2. A clientrecovered
recoveredfrom
frominfluenza
influenza2 2days
daysagoago and
and informs
informs thethe nurse
nurse thatthat
sheshe
is is
better but now
feeling better now has
hasaafever,
fever,chills,
chills,pain
pain when
when breathing,
breathing, and
and a productive
a productive
cough.What
cough. Whatcomplication
complicationdoes
does the
the nurse
nurse anticipate
anticipate thethe client
client willwill
be be treated
treated for?for?
A secondary
a. A secondarybacterial
bacterialpneumonia
pneumonia
A relapse
b. A relapseof
ofthe
theflu
flu
c. Reye
c. Reyesyndrome
syndrome
Tuberculosis
d. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
A secondary
a. A secondarybacterial
bacterialpneumonia;
pneumonia; people
people usually
usually start
start to feel
to feel better
better andand then
then
symptomsreturn
symptoms return
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Influenza can
Influenza candamage
damagerespiratory
respiratoryepithelium
epitheliumandandimpair
impairlocal
localimmune
immunedefenses,
defenses,
bacteria to
allowing bacteria to invade.
invade.AAreturn
returnof
offever,
fever,chills,
chills,pleuritic
pleuriticpain,
pain,and
andproductive
productive cough
cough
after improvement is classic
classicfor
forsecondary
secondarybacterial
bacterialpneumonia.
pneumonia.
Whichclient
3. Which clientisisatatrisk
riskfor
fordeveloping
developing acute
acute respiratory
respiratory failure?
failure?
A middle-aged
a. A middle-agedmalemalediagnosed
diagnosedwithwithamyotrophic
amyotrophiclateral
lateralsclerosis
sclerosis (ALS)
(ALS) whowho
hashas
pneumonia with low O2 O2 saturation
saturation
An older
b. An older adult
adult female
femaleliving
livingininsenior
seniorhousing
housingwho
whohas
hasbeen
been exposed
exposed to to a "cold"
a "cold" while
while
, visited
her grandchildren visited
c. AA teenager
c. teenagerininaahigh
highschool
schoolwho
whohas
hashad
hadanan increase
increase in student
in student absences
absences duedue to an
to an
outbreak of strep throat
throat
d. AA toddler in daycare
daycarewhowhohas
hasbeen
beensharing
sharingtoys
toys withpeers
with peers before
before the
the staff
staff could
could
sanitize properly
sanitize properly
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
A middle-aged
a. A middle-agedmale
malediagnosed
diagnosed with
with amyotrophic
amyotrophic lateral
lateral sclerosis
sclerosis (ALS)
(ALS) whowho
has pneumonia
has pneumoniawith
withlow
lowO2
O2saturation
saturation
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
ALS weakensrespiratory
ALS weakens respiratorymuscles,
muscles, reducing
reducing ventilation
ventilation andand cough
cough effectiveness.
effectiveness.
Pneumonia further
Pneumonia further impairs
impairs gas
gasexchange,
exchange,making
makingthis
thisclient
clientatathigh
highrisk
risk
forfor acute
acute
respiratory failure.
A client
4. A clientwith
withaahistory
historyofofchronic
chronic kidney
kidney disease
disease (CKD)
(CKD) is experiencing
is experiencing
increasingfatigue,
increasing fatigue,lethargy,
lethargy,and
andactivity
activityintolerance.
intolerance.The The care
care team
team has
has
establishedthat
established thatthe
theclient's
client'sglomerular
glomerularfiltration
filtrationraterate(GFR)
(GFR) remains
remains at at a low,
a low, butbut
stable, level.
stable, level.Which
Whichlaboratory
laboratoryassessments
assessments willwill
most most likely
likely be prescribed
be prescribed to help
to help
causeof
determine the cause ofthese
thesenew
newsymptoms?
symptoms?
Blood work
a. Blood workfor
for white
whitecells
cellsand
anddifferential
differential
Cystoscopyand
b. Cystoscopy andureteroscopy
ureteroscopy
c. Assessment
c. Assessmentofofpancreatic
pancreaticexocrine
exocrine and
and endocrine
endocrine function
function
Blood work
d. Blood work for
for hemoglobin,
hemoglobin, red
redblood
bloodcells,
cells,and
andhematocrit
hematocrit
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
d. Blood
d. Bloodwork
workfor
forhemoglobin,
hemoglobin, red
red blood
blood cells,
cells, andand hematocrit
hematocrit
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
CKDdecreases
CKD decreaseserythropoietin
erythropoietinproduction,
production,reducing
reducing red
red blood
blood cell
cell formation.
formation. Fatigue,
Fatigue,
activity intolerance
lethargy, and activity intolerancesuggest
suggestanemia,
anemia,sosohemoglobin,
hemoglobin, RBC
RBC count,
count, andand
appropriate tests.
hematocrit are appropriate tests.
Followingseveral
5. Following severalweeks
weeksofof increasing
increasing fatigue
fatigue and
and a subsequent
a subsequent diagnostic
diagnostic
workup, aa client
clienthas
hasbeen
beendiagnosed
diagnosed with
with mitral
mitral valve
valve regurgitation.
regurgitation. Failure
Failure of of
heart valve
this heart valve would
wouldhave
havewhich
whichhemodynamic
hemodynamic consequences?
consequences?
Backupof
a. Backup ofblood
bloodfrom
fromthe
theright
rightatrium
atriuminto
into the
thesuperior
superiorvena
venacava
cava
Backflowfrom
b. Backflow from the
theright
right ventricle
ventricleto
tothe
theright
right atrium
atrium during
during systole
systole
, Rheumatoidarthritis,
1. Rheumatoid arthritis,scleroderma,
scleroderma,and
andsystemic
systemic lupus
lupus erythematosus
erythematosus all have
all have
common?
what in common?
Theyare
a. They areexamples
examplesofofpostinfectious
postinfectiousdisorders
disorders
ofof systemic
systemic joint
joint function.
function.
Rashesare
b. Rashes arefound
foundwith
withallallofofthem.
them.
c. Weight-bearing
c. Weight-bearingjoints
jointsare
aremostmostaffected.
affected.
Theseare
d. These areimmune-mediated
immune-mediatedsystemic systemicdisorders
disorders
ofof joint
joint function.
function.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
d. These
d. Theseare
areimmune-mediated
immune-mediatedsystemic
systemic disorders
disorders of joint
of joint function.
function.
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis,
Rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma,
scleroderma,and andsystemic
systemiclupus
lupus erythematosus
erythematosus areare autoimmune
autoimmune
systemicdiseases.
or immune-mediated systemic diseases.They
They involve
involve abnormal
abnormal immune
immune responses
responses thatthat
damage connective
damage connectivetissue,
tissue,joints,
joints,blood
bloodvessels,
vessels, skin,
skin, and
and other
other organs.
organs.
A patient
2. A patient has
hasosteoarthritis.
osteoarthritis.Which
Whichprinciple
principleis is important
important forfor
thethe nurse
nurse to to
remember?
remember?
Thisisisaasystemic
a. This systemicautoimmune
autoimmunedisorder
disorderthat
thatcauses
causes symmetric
symmetric peripheral
peripheral arthritis
arthritis
Thisisisaatype
b. This typeofofarthritis
arthritiswhere
wherebacteria
bacteriainvade
invade the
the synovial
synovial membrane
membrane
c. This
c. Thisisisaaprogressive,
progressive,noninflammatory
noninflammatorydisease
disease of of weight-bearing
weight-bearing joints.
joints.
Thisisisaadeposition
d. This depositionofofuric
uricacid
acidcrystals
crystals
in in joints
joints causing
causing inflammation.
inflammation.
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
c. This
c. Thisisisaaprogressive,
progressive, noninflammatory
noninflammatory disease
disease of weight-bearing
of weight-bearing joints.
joints.
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Osteoarthritis isis aadegenerative
degenerativejoint
jointdisease
diseasecaused
caused
byby progressive
progressive breakdown
breakdown of of
cartilage. ItIt commonly
articular cartilage. commonly affects
affectsweight-bearing
weight-bearingjoints
jointsand
andisisnot
notprimarily
primarily
infectious.
autoimmune or infectious.
A patient
3. A patient has
hasananeruption
eruptionofofvesicles
vesicles with
with erythematous
erythematous bases
bases localized
localized to ato a
segment of
dermatomal segment ofskin
skincaused
causedbyby the
the same
same virus
virus as as chickenpox.
chickenpox. Which
Which
disorder will
disorder willthe
theclinician
clinicianobserve
observe documented
documented onon
thethe chart?
chart?
Varrucae-warts
a. Varrucae-warts
Herpeszoster
b. Herpes zoster
c. Lichen
c. Lichenplanus
planus
Scleroderma
d. Scleroderma
,Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
b. Herpes
b. Herpeszoster
zoster
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Herpes zoster,
Herpes zoster,or orshingles,
shingles,occurs
occurswhen
when varicella-zoster
varicella-zoster virus
virus reactivates
reactivates in sensory
in sensory
ganglia. ItIt produces
nerve ganglia. producespainful
painfulvesicular
vesicularlesions
lesionsalong
along a dermatome.
a dermatome.
A patient
4. A patient has
hastinea
tineacorporis.
corporis.Which
Which area
area is is affected
affected andand which
which organism
organism causes
causes
disorder?
this disorder?
Scalpand
a. Scalp andbacteria
bacteria
b. Face
Faceand
andparasites
parasites
c. Trunk
Trunk and
andfungus
fungus
Groin and
d. Groin andviruses
viruses
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
c. Trunk
c. Trunkand
andfungus
fungus
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Tinea corporis
Tinea corporisisisaadermatophyte
dermatophytefungal
fungalinfection
infectionofofthe
thebody,
body,commonly
commonlyaffecting
affectingthe
the
trunk and extremities. It
It is
is often
often called
calledringworm
ringwormbecause
becauseofofitsitscircular
circularappearance.
appearance.
Clinicalmanifestations
5. Clinical manifestationsofofhypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
result from
a. result from decreased
decreasedneuromuscular
neuromuscularexcitability.
excitability.
are similar
b. are similar to
to those
thoseoccurring
occurringwith
withhypokalemia.
hypokalemia.
c. result
c. result from
from decreased
decreasedserum
serumionized
ionizedcalcium.
calcium.
are similar
d. are similar to
to those
thoseoccurring
occurringwith
withhypermagnesemia
hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer:
Correct Answer:
c. result
c. resultfrom
fromdecreased
decreasedserum
serum ionized
ionized calcium.
calcium.
Expert Explanation:
Expert Explanation:
Hypoparathyroidism causes
Hypoparathyroidism causeslow
lowparathyroid
parathyroidhormone
hormonelevels,
levels, leading
leading toto decreased
decreased
calcium.Low
serum calcium. Lowionized
ionizedcalcium
calciumincreases
increases neuromuscular
neuromuscular excitability,
excitability, causing
causing
paresthesias,and
tetany, paresthesias, andmuscle
musclespasms.
spasms.
Secondaryinjury
6. Secondary injurythat
thatoccurs
occurs after
after reestablishing
reestablishing blood
blood flow
flow to ischemic
to an an ischemic
the brain
area of the brain is
iscalled
calledwhat
whatinjury?
injury?
, NURS 221
EXAM 1, 2 & 3
ACTUAL Questions with Rationales
(Concepts of Pathophysiology in Nursing)
Drexel University
This Document Description:
This document contains a collection of Verified
questions with accurate Answers with
Rationales from EXAMS 1, 2 & 3 of NURS 221
at the Drexel University. It covers core topics
assessed in the course and reflects the actual exam format and
question style. Ideal for exam preparation and concept
reinforcement.
