Test Bank for Criminal Justice Today, 17th edition by Frank Schmalleger, All Chapters 1-18

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 17e (Schmalleger)
Chapter 1 What Is Criminal Justice?

1.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Social ________ is a condition said to exist when a group is faced with social change, uneven
development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus.
A) order
B) chaos
C) organization
MA
D) disorganization
Answer: D
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic
FI
2) ________ rights are guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S. Constitution
and are particularly important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal
justice system.
A) Social
B) Group
C) Individual
D) Public order
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Answer: C
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic

3) Who created a cabinet-level "drug czar" position to coordinate the "war on drugs"?
OC
A) Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
B) President Ronald Reagan
C) Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas
D) President George H. W. Bush
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
S
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic




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,4) In the 1990s, the perception that crime rates were increasing and that offenders were not being
punished resulted in an increased focus on ________.
A) social justice
B) individual accountability
C) due process
D) the consensus model
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
MA
Level: Intermediate

5) Currently, we are seeing a decline in which types of crime?
A) Gun-related crimes
B) Internet-based crimes
C) Traditional crimes
D) Inner-city murders
FI
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-7
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Intermediate

6) A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public
AD
safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a(n) ________
advocate.
A) social justice
B) public-order
C) individual-rights
D) civil justice
Answer: B
OC
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime control) and individual-rights (due process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Level: Basic
S

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,7) ________ is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental
notions of fairness and cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
A) Public-order advocacy
B) Individual-rights advocacy
C) Social justice
D) Civil justice
Answer: C
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness.
Level: Basic
MA
8) Which model best assumes that the system's components work together harmoniously to
achieve justice?
A) The due process model
B) The conflict model
C) The individual rights model
D) The consensus model
FI
Answer: D
Page Ref: 12
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions.
Level: Intermediate

9) The idea of a criminal justice nonsystem, in which different criminal justice agencies focus
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more on performance measures than on justice, is the basis of the ________ model.
A) conflict
B) due process
C) consensus
D) social justice
Answer: A
Page Ref: 16
OC
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions.
Level: Basic

10) A(n) ________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension of suspects by
police.
A) warrant
S
B) indictment
C) arraignment
D) hearing
Answer: A
Page Ref: 17
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Level: Basic
11) Before being questioned, defendants are usually advised of their ________ rights.

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, A) civil
B) individual
C) political
D) Miranda
Answer: D
Page Ref: 17
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Level: Basic
MA
12) During which stage in the criminal justice process are suspects photographed and
fingerprinted?
A) Arraignment
B) Indictment
C) Preliminary Hearing
D) Booking
Answer: D
FI
Page Ref: 17
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Level: Basic

13) One purpose of the ________ is to provide an opportunity for bail.
A) adjudication
AD
B) preliminary hearing
C) first appearance
D) indictment
Answer: C
Page Ref: 17-18
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
OC
Level: Intermediate

14) By returning an indictment, the grand jury has determined that ________.
A) the defendant is guilty of the crime
B) there is probable cause to formally charge the defendant with the crime
C) the defendant should be released on recognizance until the trial date
D) the proposed plea bargain is unacceptable and may not be approved
S
Answer: B
Page Ref: 18
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing.
Level: Difficult




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