BIOD 210 Genetics Module 4 Exam - Molecular Genetics 20… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
✓ VERIFIED • 2026 UPDATE • 100% ACCURATE
BIOD 210 Genetics Module 4 Exam - Molecular
Genetics 2026 UPDATE
Actual Exam Questions & Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales
Document Type: Exam (Elaborations)
Academic Year:
Total Questions: 50 Multiple Choice
Includes: Correct Answers + Full Rationales
Status: Verified & Updated for 2026
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 1
,BIOD 210 Genetics Module 4 Exam - Molecular Genetics 20… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
Questions & Verified Answers
1. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork?
A. DNA Polymerase III
B. Topoisomerase
C. Helicase
D. DNA Ligase
Answer: C
Rationale: Helicase is the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs to unwind the DNA
strands. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct answer (C) requires understanding
both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to
prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide accurate patient education.
2. In DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized in which direction?
A. 3’ to 5’
B. Randomly
C. Bi-directionally
D. 5’ to 3’
Answer: D
Rationale: DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing strand, meaning synthesis
always occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate
complications, and provide accurate patient education. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this
concept from closely related distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
3. What are the short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand called?
A. Watson fragments
B. Okazaki fragments
C. Chargaff fragments
D. Primer fragments
Answer: B
Rationale: Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging
template strand during DNA replication. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate
complications, and provide accurate patient education. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this
concept from closely related distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 2
, BIOD 210 Genetics Module 4 Exam - Molecular Genetics 20… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
4. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?
A. Uracil
B. Adenine
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine
Answer: A
Rationale: RNA contains Uracil (U) instead of the Thymine (T) found in DNA. Exam questions often test the
ability to distinguish this concept from closely related distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe, evidence-based practice and improves patient
outcomes.
5. The process of copying a gene’s DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transformation
C. Replication
D. Transcription
Answer: D
Rationale: Transcription is the first step of gene expression, where a particular segment of DNA is copied into
RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct
answer (D) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications.
Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide accurate
patient education.
6. What is the role of DNA Ligase during DNA replication?
A. To add RNA primers
B. To stabilize single-stranded DNA
C. To proofread the new DNA strand
D. To join Okazaki fragments together
Answer: D
Rationale: DNA Ligase acts as a ‘glue’ that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the
formation of a phosphodiester bond. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe, evidence-based
practice and improves patient outcomes. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct
answer (D) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 3
✓ VERIFIED • 2026 UPDATE • 100% ACCURATE
BIOD 210 Genetics Module 4 Exam - Molecular
Genetics 2026 UPDATE
Actual Exam Questions & Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales
Document Type: Exam (Elaborations)
Academic Year:
Total Questions: 50 Multiple Choice
Includes: Correct Answers + Full Rationales
Status: Verified & Updated for 2026
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 1
,BIOD 210 Genetics Module 4 Exam - Molecular Genetics 20… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
Questions & Verified Answers
1. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork?
A. DNA Polymerase III
B. Topoisomerase
C. Helicase
D. DNA Ligase
Answer: C
Rationale: Helicase is the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs to unwind the DNA
strands. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct answer (C) requires understanding
both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to
prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide accurate patient education.
2. In DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized in which direction?
A. 3’ to 5’
B. Randomly
C. Bi-directionally
D. 5’ to 3’
Answer: D
Rationale: DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing strand, meaning synthesis
always occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate
complications, and provide accurate patient education. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this
concept from closely related distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
3. What are the short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand called?
A. Watson fragments
B. Okazaki fragments
C. Chargaff fragments
D. Primer fragments
Answer: B
Rationale: Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging
template strand during DNA replication. Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate
complications, and provide accurate patient education. Exam questions often test the ability to distinguish this
concept from closely related distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 2
, BIOD 210 Genetics Module 4 Exam - Molecular Genetics 20… 2026 Update • Verified Answers
4. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?
A. Uracil
B. Adenine
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine
Answer: A
Rationale: RNA contains Uracil (U) instead of the Thymine (T) found in DNA. Exam questions often test the
ability to distinguish this concept from closely related distractors, making a clear rationale essential for mastery.
Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe, evidence-based practice and improves patient
outcomes.
5. The process of copying a gene’s DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transformation
C. Replication
D. Transcription
Answer: D
Rationale: Transcription is the first step of gene expression, where a particular segment of DNA is copied into
RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct
answer (D) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications.
Recognizing this principle allows the nurse to prioritize care, anticipate complications, and provide accurate
patient education.
6. What is the role of DNA Ligase during DNA replication?
A. To add RNA primers
B. To stabilize single-stranded DNA
C. To proofread the new DNA strand
D. To join Okazaki fragments together
Answer: D
Rationale: DNA Ligase acts as a ‘glue’ that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the
formation of a phosphodiester bond. Applying this knowledge in clinical settings supports safe, evidence-based
practice and improves patient outcomes. This is an important clinical concept because selecting the correct
answer (D) requires understanding both the pathophysiology and the practical nursing implications.
Exam (Elaborations) • Actual Questions & Rationales Page 3
