Disorders of the Immune System
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1. Immune Re- The immune system recognizes "self" from "non-self". It develops a specific re-
sponse sponse to that particular antigen and stores that particular response in its memory
cells for future reference.
2. Antigen Either foreign substances or human cell surface antigens that are unique in each
individual. Composed of proteins or a combination of molecules called glycopro-
teins. They activate the immune system to produce MATCHING ANTIBODIES.
3. Macrophage Large phagocytic cells that intercept and engulf foreign material and then process
and display the antigens from the foreign material on their cell membranes; the
lymphocytes respond to this display, thus initiating the immune response.
4. Lymphocyte A leukocyte or white blood cell that have the special function of recognizing and
reacting with antigens in the body.
5. T lymphocyte Come from thymus. Cell-mediated immunity develops when _ ____________ with
protein receptors on the cell surface recognize antigens on the surface of target
cells and directly destroy the invading antigens.
6. T Lymphocyte Primarily effective against virus-infected cells, fungal and protozoal infections,
cancer cells, and foreign cells such as a transplanted tissue.
7. B Lymphocyte Come from bone marrow. Responsible for humoral immunity through the produc-
tion of antibodies.
8. B Lymphocyte Primarily effective against bacteria and viruses that are outside body cells.
9. Antibodies Bind to specific matching antigens, destroying them.
10. Primary response This step of the immune response occurs when a person is first exposed to the
antigen.
11. Secondary re- This step of the immune response occurs during a repeat exposure of the same
sponse antigen.
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, Disorders of the Immune System
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12. Active natural im- May be acquired by direct exposure to an antigen.
munity
13. Active artificial Acquired when a specific antigen is purposefully introduced into the body (vac-
immunity cines).
14. Passive natural Occurs when antibodies (IgC) are transferred from mother to foetus accross the
immunity placenta or through breast milk. Effective for the first few months of life.
15. Passive artificial Results from the injection of antibodies from a person or animal into a second
immunity person (e.g. snake anti-venom).
16. Type 1: allergic Causative Mechanism:
reactions - Individual exposed to allergen
- Lymphocytes develop IgE antibodies and attach to mast cells which are located
in the respiratory and digestive tracts
- allergen attaches to masts cells and cause release of histamine
- causes inflammatory reaction resulting in swelling and redness
- causes irritation of nerve endings causing itchiness
- if in the lungs, causes brochoconstriction
17. Type 1: allergic Signs & Symptoms:
reactions - Each exposure will increase histamine release and increase severity of the allergic
reaction
- target area becomes red, swollen, itchy, and form blisters
- allergic rhinitis
- food allergies
18. Diphenhy- Histamine receptor blocker. Treats minor symptoms of allergy and common cold.
dramine Adverse effects: drowsiness, occasionally, paradoxical CNS stimulation and ex-
(Benadryl) citability
- Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, tachycardia
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9covb
1. Immune Re- The immune system recognizes "self" from "non-self". It develops a specific re-
sponse sponse to that particular antigen and stores that particular response in its memory
cells for future reference.
2. Antigen Either foreign substances or human cell surface antigens that are unique in each
individual. Composed of proteins or a combination of molecules called glycopro-
teins. They activate the immune system to produce MATCHING ANTIBODIES.
3. Macrophage Large phagocytic cells that intercept and engulf foreign material and then process
and display the antigens from the foreign material on their cell membranes; the
lymphocytes respond to this display, thus initiating the immune response.
4. Lymphocyte A leukocyte or white blood cell that have the special function of recognizing and
reacting with antigens in the body.
5. T lymphocyte Come from thymus. Cell-mediated immunity develops when _ ____________ with
protein receptors on the cell surface recognize antigens on the surface of target
cells and directly destroy the invading antigens.
6. T Lymphocyte Primarily effective against virus-infected cells, fungal and protozoal infections,
cancer cells, and foreign cells such as a transplanted tissue.
7. B Lymphocyte Come from bone marrow. Responsible for humoral immunity through the produc-
tion of antibodies.
8. B Lymphocyte Primarily effective against bacteria and viruses that are outside body cells.
9. Antibodies Bind to specific matching antigens, destroying them.
10. Primary response This step of the immune response occurs when a person is first exposed to the
antigen.
11. Secondary re- This step of the immune response occurs during a repeat exposure of the same
sponse antigen.
1/6
, Disorders of the Immune System
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9covb
12. Active natural im- May be acquired by direct exposure to an antigen.
munity
13. Active artificial Acquired when a specific antigen is purposefully introduced into the body (vac-
immunity cines).
14. Passive natural Occurs when antibodies (IgC) are transferred from mother to foetus accross the
immunity placenta or through breast milk. Effective for the first few months of life.
15. Passive artificial Results from the injection of antibodies from a person or animal into a second
immunity person (e.g. snake anti-venom).
16. Type 1: allergic Causative Mechanism:
reactions - Individual exposed to allergen
- Lymphocytes develop IgE antibodies and attach to mast cells which are located
in the respiratory and digestive tracts
- allergen attaches to masts cells and cause release of histamine
- causes inflammatory reaction resulting in swelling and redness
- causes irritation of nerve endings causing itchiness
- if in the lungs, causes brochoconstriction
17. Type 1: allergic Signs & Symptoms:
reactions - Each exposure will increase histamine release and increase severity of the allergic
reaction
- target area becomes red, swollen, itchy, and form blisters
- allergic rhinitis
- food allergies
18. Diphenhy- Histamine receptor blocker. Treats minor symptoms of allergy and common cold.
dramine Adverse effects: drowsiness, occasionally, paradoxical CNS stimulation and ex-
(Benadryl) citability
- Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, tachycardia
2/6
