Jersey College Foundations Midterm Exam | Nursing Practice Questions & Exam Prep 2026/2027
Florence Nightingale Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began
professional education of nursing.
nursing profession criteria well defined body of specific and unique knowledge
strong service oriented
recognized authority by a professional group
Code of Ethics
Professional organization that sets standards
Ongoing research
Autonomy and self-regulation
Standards of Nursing Practice allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse,
the patient, and the institution where health care is provided
Nurse Practice Act laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing
Nursing Process Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Used by the nurse to identify the patients health care needs and strengths, to
establish and carry out a care plan to meet those needs, and to evaluate the
effectiveness of the plan
Sources of Knowledge Traditional-passed down from generation to generation
Authoritative-comes from an expert
Scientific-implying through research (scientific method)
General Systems Theory how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work
together in systems
Adaptation Theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and
to environmental conditions
developmental theory process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable,
beginning with conception and ending with death
nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the
purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired
outcomes of nursing care practices
, Jersey College Foundations Midterm Exam | Nursing Practice Questions & Exam Prep 2026/2027
deductive reasoning general to specific
inductive reasoning specific to general
Common Concepts in Nursing Theories Person (patient)
Environment
Health
Nursing
Sister Callista Roy Nursing interventions are needed when individuals demonstrate ineffective
adaptive responses; adaptive modes. adaptation model, relationships between
persons, universe, god, Adaptation model: assistance with the adaptation to
stressors to facilitate the integration process of the client. Theory helps the
"biospsychosocial" client modify external stimuli, adaptation will occur
evidence-based practice in nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinical decisions using the
best evidence available
PICOT format Patient population
Intervention or issue of interest
Comparison intervention
Outcome
Time frame
holistic health care care that addresses the many dimensions that comprise the whole person- the
nurse must understand and respect each persons own definition of health and
responses to illness
acute illness has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
chronic illness irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires
long-term health care
chronic disease heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis
Illness Behaviors actions taken by a person who feels sick and indulges in the behavior for the
purpose of defining the state of his or her health and for discovering suitable
remedies
Illness behaviors Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
, Jersey College Foundations Midterm Exam | Nursing Practice Questions & Exam Prep 2026/2027
The human dimensions Physical-genetic inheritence, race, sex
Emotional- the mind effects, stress
Intellectual-educational background
Environmental- housing, climate
Sociocultural- family and culture
Spiritual-spiritual beliefs and values
health promotion behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being
and health potential
Risk factors for health age, genetic factors, physiologic factors, health habits, lifestyle, environment
primary health promotion seat belts, immunizations, safe sex practices, diet and exercise, reducing
alcohol consumption, smoking cessation , avoiding drugs
secondary health promotion screenings, examinations, family counseling
tertiary health promotion medication, rehabilitation, therapy, job training, treatment
The health belief model focuses on what people perceive or believe to be true about themselves in
relation to their health
the health promotion model developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they
pursue health
the health-illness continuum -Conceptualizes a person's level of health
-Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death
on opposite sides of a continuum
-Illustrates the dynamic (ever-changing) state of health
the agent-host-environment model views the interaction between an external agent, a susceptible host, and the
environment as causes of disease in a person
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Love and
Belonging, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Physiologic needs include: oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and
rest
Safety and Security needs include: being protected from potential or actual harm, trusting others, being free and
clear of fear, anxiety, and apprehension
Love and belonging needs include: feeling of belonging to a group such as family, peers, friends, giving and
receiving love
Florence Nightingale Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began
professional education of nursing.
nursing profession criteria well defined body of specific and unique knowledge
strong service oriented
recognized authority by a professional group
Code of Ethics
Professional organization that sets standards
Ongoing research
Autonomy and self-regulation
Standards of Nursing Practice allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse,
the patient, and the institution where health care is provided
Nurse Practice Act laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing
Nursing Process Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Used by the nurse to identify the patients health care needs and strengths, to
establish and carry out a care plan to meet those needs, and to evaluate the
effectiveness of the plan
Sources of Knowledge Traditional-passed down from generation to generation
Authoritative-comes from an expert
Scientific-implying through research (scientific method)
General Systems Theory how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work
together in systems
Adaptation Theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and
to environmental conditions
developmental theory process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable,
beginning with conception and ending with death
nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the
purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired
outcomes of nursing care practices
, Jersey College Foundations Midterm Exam | Nursing Practice Questions & Exam Prep 2026/2027
deductive reasoning general to specific
inductive reasoning specific to general
Common Concepts in Nursing Theories Person (patient)
Environment
Health
Nursing
Sister Callista Roy Nursing interventions are needed when individuals demonstrate ineffective
adaptive responses; adaptive modes. adaptation model, relationships between
persons, universe, god, Adaptation model: assistance with the adaptation to
stressors to facilitate the integration process of the client. Theory helps the
"biospsychosocial" client modify external stimuli, adaptation will occur
evidence-based practice in nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinical decisions using the
best evidence available
PICOT format Patient population
Intervention or issue of interest
Comparison intervention
Outcome
Time frame
holistic health care care that addresses the many dimensions that comprise the whole person- the
nurse must understand and respect each persons own definition of health and
responses to illness
acute illness has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
chronic illness irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires
long-term health care
chronic disease heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis
Illness Behaviors actions taken by a person who feels sick and indulges in the behavior for the
purpose of defining the state of his or her health and for discovering suitable
remedies
Illness behaviors Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
, Jersey College Foundations Midterm Exam | Nursing Practice Questions & Exam Prep 2026/2027
The human dimensions Physical-genetic inheritence, race, sex
Emotional- the mind effects, stress
Intellectual-educational background
Environmental- housing, climate
Sociocultural- family and culture
Spiritual-spiritual beliefs and values
health promotion behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being
and health potential
Risk factors for health age, genetic factors, physiologic factors, health habits, lifestyle, environment
primary health promotion seat belts, immunizations, safe sex practices, diet and exercise, reducing
alcohol consumption, smoking cessation , avoiding drugs
secondary health promotion screenings, examinations, family counseling
tertiary health promotion medication, rehabilitation, therapy, job training, treatment
The health belief model focuses on what people perceive or believe to be true about themselves in
relation to their health
the health promotion model developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they
pursue health
the health-illness continuum -Conceptualizes a person's level of health
-Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death
on opposite sides of a continuum
-Illustrates the dynamic (ever-changing) state of health
the agent-host-environment model views the interaction between an external agent, a susceptible host, and the
environment as causes of disease in a person
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Love and
Belonging, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Physiologic needs include: oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and
rest
Safety and Security needs include: being protected from potential or actual harm, trusting others, being free and
clear of fear, anxiety, and apprehension
Love and belonging needs include: feeling of belonging to a group such as family, peers, friends, giving and
receiving love
