NR 509 Final Exam Questions With Accurate
Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
Suspicious breast mass
- accurate answers--A mobile mass that becomes fixed when the arm relaxes
is attached to the ribs and intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is
pressed against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying
tissues, strongly suggest cancer
Risk for Breast cancer
- accurate answers---*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed
estrogen exposure related to early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
Characteristics of a breast cyst
- accurate answers-Soft to firm, round, mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast
- accurate answers--Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then move
the fingers medially and palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the clavicle.
Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
, Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
- accurate answers--Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often from
sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal
walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders);
sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal
secretions for pH > 4.5
Candidal Vaginitis
- accurate answers--Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast (normal overgrowth of
vaginal flora); many factors predispose, including antibiotic therapy
-Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not as profuse as
trichomonal infection, not malodorous
- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia (painful
intercourse)
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes swollen to a
variable extent; the vaginal mucosa is reddened, with white tenacious patches
of discharge; the mucosa may bleed when these patches are scraped off; in
mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the branching hyphae of
Candida
Trichomonal Vaginitis
- accurate answers--Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan; often but not always
acquired sexually
- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often profuse and pooled
in the vaginal fornix; may be malodorous
-Pruritus (though not usually as severe as with Candida
infection); pain on urination (from skin inflammation or possibly urethritis);
dyspareunia
-Vestibule and labia minora may be erythematous; the vaginal mucosa may be
diffusely reddened, with small red granular spots or petechiae in the posterior
fornix; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
- Scan saline wet mount for trichomonads
Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
Suspicious breast mass
- accurate answers--A mobile mass that becomes fixed when the arm relaxes
is attached to the ribs and intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is
pressed against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying
tissues, strongly suggest cancer
Risk for Breast cancer
- accurate answers---*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed
estrogen exposure related to early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
Characteristics of a breast cyst
- accurate answers-Soft to firm, round, mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast
- accurate answers--Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then move
the fingers medially and palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the clavicle.
Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
, Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
- accurate answers--Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often from
sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal
walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders);
sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal
secretions for pH > 4.5
Candidal Vaginitis
- accurate answers--Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast (normal overgrowth of
vaginal flora); many factors predispose, including antibiotic therapy
-Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not as profuse as
trichomonal infection, not malodorous
- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia (painful
intercourse)
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes swollen to a
variable extent; the vaginal mucosa is reddened, with white tenacious patches
of discharge; the mucosa may bleed when these patches are scraped off; in
mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the branching hyphae of
Candida
Trichomonal Vaginitis
- accurate answers--Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan; often but not always
acquired sexually
- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often profuse and pooled
in the vaginal fornix; may be malodorous
-Pruritus (though not usually as severe as with Candida
infection); pain on urination (from skin inflammation or possibly urethritis);
dyspareunia
-Vestibule and labia minora may be erythematous; the vaginal mucosa may be
diffusely reddened, with small red granular spots or petechiae in the posterior
fornix; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
- Scan saline wet mount for trichomonads
