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What children hear around them and start to have interest in or want to learn
a. Language acquisition
b. Natural order
c. Input hypothesis
d. Affective filter
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Natural order refers to the idea that children acquire language in a predictable
,sequence, regardless of instruction. Children show interest in language features they
hear around them, and acquisition follows a natural developmental progression.
Quality matters more than quantity
a. Input hypothesis
b. Output hypothesis
c. Input-output relationship
d. Affective filter
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The input-output relationship emphasizes that the quality of language exposure
(meaningful, comprehensible input) matters more than the sheer quantity of exposure.
Rich, contextualized language input supports better acquisition than mere repetition.
The way a student feels about language, the people who speak it, and the situation
they are in
a. Motivation
b. Attitude
c. Affective filter
d. Language ego
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Attitude refers to the learner's feelings toward the target language, its speakers, and the
learning context. Positive attitudes facilitate acquisition, while negative attitudes can
hinder progress.
Native language influence
,a. Transfer
b. Interference
c. Fossilization
d. Overgeneralization
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Transfer refers to the influence of a learner's first language (L1) on their second
language (L2). L2 is less difficult if it is similar to L1 (positive transfer), while differences
create challenges (negative transfer/interference).
Surface features of language
a. Phonemes, morphemes, syntax
b. Semantics, pragmatics, discourse
c. Phonology, morphology, syntax
d. All of the above
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Surface features of language include phonemes (sounds), morphemes (word parts), and
syntax (sentence structure). These are the building blocks of language that learners must
acquire.
L2 Learners create this language when they attempt to communicate in the target
language
a. Interlanguage grammars
b. Fossilized language
c. Simplified language
d. Pidgin language
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Interlanguage grammars are the unique language systems that L2 learners create as
, they attempt to communicate in the target language. These systems are intermediate
between the L1 and L2 and evolve over time.
Approach forces prediction of text or vocabulary based on previous knowledge
a. Top-down approach
b. Bottom-up approach
c. Interactive approach
d. Schema-based approach
✔️ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
The top-down approach relies on prior knowledge, context, and predictions to
understand language. Readers/listeners use their background knowledge to anticipate
meaning rather than decoding every word.
Piece by piece - focus on word/parts of words, then parts of a sentence, then
whole sentences - traditional approach
a. Top-down approach
b. Bottom-up approach
c. Interactive approach
d. Whole language approach
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The bottom-up approach builds understanding from individual elements (sounds,
letters, words) to larger structures (sentences, paragraphs). This traditional, sequential
approach emphasizes mastery of smaller units before moving to larger ones.
Universal grammar