H H
l l
H -
C -
C -
H
crude oil :
a mixture of hydrocarbons l l
H H
hydrocarbons :
compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
representing organic molecules :
empirical formula simplest ratio of of each element CH 's
• :
whole number atoms
in the compound
•
molecular formula :
chemical formula that shows the total number of atoms Cz Hb
in a molecule
formula formula that States of of each element
°
general : the ratio atoms in Cn Hzntl
the formula of every compound in a particular homologous series
CHS Ct's
Structural formula condensed representation for
-
• :
that shows the symbols each
atom in a compound
H H
l l
formula graphic representation for each
displayed that shows the symbols
•
:
H -
c -
c
-
H
l l
atom in a compound H H
homologous series series of organic compounds that has similar features
:
↳
general formula , functional group , similar chemical reactions
functional : of atoms bonded specific arrangement that controls the
property
group group in a
of the homologous series
NH 2
H l
H
l l amine -
amine -
C -
-
c -
c -
I
alkanes -
ane
, l
H H
O
11
H H aldehyde -
anal -
c -
H
l l
alkenes -
ene -
c =
c -
O
H ester -
yl -
amate n l
,
and f OH C O C
-
alcohol
-
- - - -
-
H l
carboxylic
110 ↳ name
↳ functional
anole acid -
c OH
↳ family (suffix)
acid group
-
-
, isomerism :
compounds that have the same molecular formula , but different structural formulae
H
eg .
H
I
,
Y Y ' '
T H - C -
H
butane
H
- c -
c -
c -
c -
n methyl propane
l l l l H H
(4/-110 H H H H ( 4h10 l
l
H -
C -
C - C - H
l l l
H H H
naming compounds :
name no of C atoms family name functional group
.
meth I alkane -
ane C -
C ( ( n Hzn -12)
eth
2 alkene -
ene c = c ( Cn Han )
3 alcohol -
anol O -
H
prop
4 H
but carboxylic acid -
anole acid C -
O -
O -
5 amine amine NH
pent 2
-
hex 6 igs
a
7
kept
8
Oct
q
non
dec 10
rules :
I .
Identify longest carbon chain 2 . alkane or alkene ?
H H H
H
)
'
H
Prome
'
H
H -
'
c -
c
'
.
-
H
H -
I -
g
-
g
-
H propane
H n
' '
' j H H M
H c c
c
pent
-
n
- -
-
n n
)
'
l l , , H prop
H HH - propene
H
f ene
- -
y -
c ,
c =
c
l l
H l H
H H
3 .
attachments ?
.
#1 -
o -
H 142 Halo - Cl ,
F ,
Br , I
methane
H H H H F
)
H bromo
l l l l H H H ,
\ '
alphabetical
④
l l
t'
!!!!
H c o H H
g g
o I C C'
¥
-
g
- -
H
- - -
-
,c=c
o H
- -
c
- -
c
-
-
order
- -
, , . ,
H H H H H H Br
methanol propanol ethenol chloro ethane bromochlorofluorolodomethane
l l
H -
C -
C -
H
crude oil :
a mixture of hydrocarbons l l
H H
hydrocarbons :
compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
representing organic molecules :
empirical formula simplest ratio of of each element CH 's
• :
whole number atoms
in the compound
•
molecular formula :
chemical formula that shows the total number of atoms Cz Hb
in a molecule
formula formula that States of of each element
°
general : the ratio atoms in Cn Hzntl
the formula of every compound in a particular homologous series
CHS Ct's
Structural formula condensed representation for
-
• :
that shows the symbols each
atom in a compound
H H
l l
formula graphic representation for each
displayed that shows the symbols
•
:
H -
c -
c
-
H
l l
atom in a compound H H
homologous series series of organic compounds that has similar features
:
↳
general formula , functional group , similar chemical reactions
functional : of atoms bonded specific arrangement that controls the
property
group group in a
of the homologous series
NH 2
H l
H
l l amine -
amine -
C -
-
c -
c -
I
alkanes -
ane
, l
H H
O
11
H H aldehyde -
anal -
c -
H
l l
alkenes -
ene -
c =
c -
O
H ester -
yl -
amate n l
,
and f OH C O C
-
alcohol
-
- - - -
-
H l
carboxylic
110 ↳ name
↳ functional
anole acid -
c OH
↳ family (suffix)
acid group
-
-
, isomerism :
compounds that have the same molecular formula , but different structural formulae
H
eg .
H
I
,
Y Y ' '
T H - C -
H
butane
H
- c -
c -
c -
c -
n methyl propane
l l l l H H
(4/-110 H H H H ( 4h10 l
l
H -
C -
C - C - H
l l l
H H H
naming compounds :
name no of C atoms family name functional group
.
meth I alkane -
ane C -
C ( ( n Hzn -12)
eth
2 alkene -
ene c = c ( Cn Han )
3 alcohol -
anol O -
H
prop
4 H
but carboxylic acid -
anole acid C -
O -
O -
5 amine amine NH
pent 2
-
hex 6 igs
a
7
kept
8
Oct
q
non
dec 10
rules :
I .
Identify longest carbon chain 2 . alkane or alkene ?
H H H
H
)
'
H
Prome
'
H
H -
'
c -
c
'
.
-
H
H -
I -
g
-
g
-
H propane
H n
' '
' j H H M
H c c
c
pent
-
n
- -
-
n n
)
'
l l , , H prop
H HH - propene
H
f ene
- -
y -
c ,
c =
c
l l
H l H
H H
3 .
attachments ?
.
#1 -
o -
H 142 Halo - Cl ,
F ,
Br , I
methane
H H H H F
)
H bromo
l l l l H H H ,
\ '
alphabetical
④
l l
t'
!!!!
H c o H H
g g
o I C C'
¥
-
g
- -
H
- - -
-
,c=c
o H
- -
c
- -
c
-
-
order
- -
, , . ,
H H H H H H Br
methanol propanol ethenol chloro ethane bromochlorofluorolodomethane
