NUR 257 CONCEPTS OF AGING & CHRONIC ILLNESS EXAM 4 | GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
2026/2027 ACADEMIC YEAR | 150 VERIFIED QUESTIONS | DETAILED RATIONALES
NUR 257
AGING & CHRONIC ILLNESS
EXAM 4 | GALEN
NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness
Exam 4 - Galen College of Nursing
2026/2027 Academic Year | 150 Verified Questions & Answers
Detailed Rationales | Gerontology, Chronic Disease, End-of-Life
150Q VERIFIED NEWEST EXAM RATIONALES
EXAM 4 2026/2027 DETAILED
INCLUDES:
• Aging Theories, Geriatric Syndromes, Polypharmacy, Cognitive Disorders, Delirium
• Chronic Illness Management, Heart Failure, COPD, Diabetes, Palliative & Hospice
• 150 Verified Questions + Answers + Detailed Rationales | Exam 4 Focus
• Professional Study Guide | Borders + Page Numbers | 2026/2027 Edition
NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness | Galen College of Nursing | Not affiliated with Galen
Confidential Study Guide - Educational Purposes Only | 2026/2027 Edition
,Gerontology Theories and Geriatric Syndromes
Description: Aging theories programmed theories genetic clock telomere shortening programmed longevity, error theories wear and tear free radical accumulation
cross-linking somatic mutation mitochondrial DNA damage, 5 Ms of geriatrics framework Mind Mentation dementia delirium depression Mobility falls gait impairment
Medications polypharmacy Beers Criteria potentially inappropriate medications anticholinergics benzodiazepines opioids NSAIDs Multicomplexity multimorbidity complexity
Matters Most goals of care advance directives, geriatric syndromes falls delirium incontinence pressure injury frailty functional decline.
Cognitive Disorders and Mental Health in Older Adults
Description: Delirium vs dementia vs depression 3 Ds: Delirium acute fluctuating course inattention disorganized thinking altered LOC reversible causes medications
infection dehydration pain CAM Confusion Assessment Method diagnosis, Dementia chronic progressive memory impairment cognitive domains Alzheimer most common
vascular Lewy body frontotemporal stages mild moderate severe treatment cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil rivastigmine galantamine memantine nonpharmacologic
safety structure, Depression in older adults anhedonia persistent sadness screening PHQ-9 GDS Geriatric Depression Scale treatment therapy antidepressants
pseudodementia cognitive impairment due to depression reversible.
Chronic Illness Management in Aging - HF COPD Diabetes
Description: Chronic illness management in older adults heart failure HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension atrial
fibrillation management diuretics ACE ARB ARNI beta-blocker MRA SGLT2i, HFrEF reduced EF less than 40 systolic dysfunction ischemic cardiomyopathy management
similar, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation increased dyspnea sputum volume purulence treatment short-acting bronchodilators albuterol
ipratropium systemic steroids prednisone antibiotics if purulent sputum oxygen target 88-92% to avoid CO2 retention, Diabetes older adults goals less stringent A1C less
than 7.5 healthy less than 8 moderate comorbid less than 8.5 poor health frail avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive impairment de-intensify therapy metformin
caution renal DPP4 safer insulin caution.
Palliative Hospice End-of-Life and Professional Issues
Description: Palliative care vs hospice palliative symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment interdisciplinary team pain dyspnea nausea anxiety,
hospice end-of-life prognosis 6 months or less if disease runs normal course focus comfort not curative eligibility Medicare hospice benefit, end-of-life signs impending
death decreased LOC Cheyne-Stokes respirations apnea periods mottling cool extremities decreased urine output anorexia dysphagia decreased swallowing incontinence,
nursing care comfort measures pain management opioids morphine dyspnea oxygen positioning mouth care skin care family support spiritual care, advance directives
living will healthcare proxy DNR POLST, elder abuse types physical emotional sexual financial exploitation neglect abandonment mandatory reporting nurse must report
suspected abuse to Adult Protective Services, falls risk factors polypharmacy orthostatic hypotension visual hearing impairment cognitive impairment muscle weakness gait
impairment environmental hazards prevention medication review deprescribing strength balance exercise Tai Chi home safety grab bars lighting.
Page 2 - NUR 257 Exam 4 150Q 2026/2027
,Question 1: Q1: Aging theories - programmed vs error theories?
A. Programmed theories telomere shortening genetic clock, error theories free radical accumulation cross-linking wear and tear mitochondrial DNA
damage
B. Only programmed theories exist
C. Only error theories exist
D. No aging theories
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Programmed theories telomere shortening genetic clock, error theories free radical accumulation cross-linking wear
and tear mitochondrial DNA damage
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Programmed theories telomere shortening genetic clock, error theories free radical accumulation cross-linking wear and tear mitochondrial DNA damage.
Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 2: Q2: Geriatric syndromes - 5 Ms?
A. Only 2 Ms
B. Only 1 M
C. 5 Ms of geriatrics: Mind (dementia delirium depression), Mobility (falls gait), Medications (polypharmacy), Multicomplexity (multimorbidity), Matters
Most (goals of care)
D. No Ms framework
CORRECT ANSWER: C. 5 Ms of geriatrics: Mind (dementia delirium depression), Mobility (falls gait), Medications (polypharmacy),
Multicomplexity (multimorbidity), Matters Most (goals of care)
RATIONALE:
Rationale: 5 Ms of geriatrics: Mind (dementia delirium depression), Mobility (falls gait), Medications (polypharmacy), Multicomplexity (multimorbidity), Matters Most (goals
of care). Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic
disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 3: Q3: Polypharmacy - Beers Criteria and risks in older adults?
A. Polypharmacy no risk
B. Beers Criteria encourages inappropriate meds
C. No criteria needed
D. Beers Criteria list of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults anticholinergics benzodiazepines increase fall delirium risk, polypharmacy 5+
meds increases ADE
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Beers Criteria list of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults anticholinergics benzodiazepines increase
fall delirium risk, polypharmacy 5+ meds increases ADE
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Beers Criteria list of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults anticholinergics benzodiazepines increase fall delirium risk, polypharmacy 5+ meds
increases ADE. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing,
chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 4: Q4: Delirium vs dementia vs depression differentiation?
A. All same
B. Delirium acute fluctuating inattention reversible cause, dementia chronic progressive memory loss irreversible, depression mood anhedonia may have
pseudodementia, CAM assessment
C. No differentiation
D. Only delirium exists
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Delirium acute fluctuating inattention reversible cause, dementia chronic progressive memory loss irreversible,
depression mood anhedonia may have pseudodementia, CAM assessment
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Delirium acute fluctuating inattention reversible cause, dementia chronic progressive memory loss irreversible, depression mood anhedonia may have
pseudodementia, CAM assessment. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on
gerontological nursing, chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 5: Q5: Dementia - Alzheimer's stages and management?
A. Alzheimer's early mild memory loss moderate language behavioral late ADL dependence treatment cholinesterase inhibitors memantine nonpharm
safety
B. No stages
C. Only early stage exists
D. No treatment
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Alzheimer's early mild memory loss moderate language behavioral late ADL dependence treatment cholinesterase
inhibitors memantine nonpharm safety
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Alzheimer's early mild memory loss moderate language behavioral late ADL dependence treatment cholinesterase inhibitors memantine nonpharm safety.
Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 6: Q6: Heart failure in older adults - HFpEF vs HFrEF?
A. Only HFpEF exists young
B. Only HFrEF exists older adults
C. HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension, HFrEF reduced EF less than 40 systolic dysfunction,
management diuretics ACE ARB beta-blocker
D. No difference
Page 3 - NUR 257 Exam 4 150Q 2026/2027
, CORRECT ANSWER: C. HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension, HFrEF reduced EF
less than 40 systolic dysfunction, management diuretics ACE ARB beta-blocker
RATIONALE:
Rationale: HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension, HFrEF reduced EF less than 40 systolic dysfunction,
management diuretics ACE ARB beta-blocker. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum,
focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging
population.
Question 7: Q7: COPD exacerbation in older adult management?
A. Oxygen target 100% COPD
B. Only antibiotics needed
C. No bronchodilators
D. COPD exacerbation dyspnea increased sputum bronchodilators short-acting albuterol steroids antibiotics if purulent sputum oxygen target 88-92% to
avoid hypercapnia
CORRECT ANSWER: D. COPD exacerbation dyspnea increased sputum bronchodilators short-acting albuterol steroids antibiotics if purulent
sputum oxygen target 88-92% to avoid hypercapnia
RATIONALE:
Rationale: COPD exacerbation dyspnea increased sputum bronchodilators short-acting albuterol steroids antibiotics if purulent sputum oxygen target 88-92% to avoid
hypercapnia. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing,
chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 8: Q8: Diabetes in older adults - goals and hypoglycemia risk?
A. A1C goal less than 6 all older adults
B. Older adults less stringent A1C goal less than 8-8.5 if comorbid frail, avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive impairment, de-intensify if needed
C. No hypoglycemia risk older adults
D. Only strict control needed
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Older adults less stringent A1C goal less than 8-8.5 if comorbid frail, avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive
impairment, de-intensify if needed
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Older adults less stringent A1C goal less than 8-8.5 if comorbid frail, avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive impairment, de-intensify if needed. Detailed
rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 9: Q9: Palliative care vs hospice - difference and eligibility?
A. Palliative care symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment, hospice end-of-life prognosis 6 months or less focus comfort not
curative
B. Same palliative and hospice
C. No difference
D. Hospice requires 2 years prognosis
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Palliative care symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment, hospice end-of-life prognosis 6
months or less focus comfort not curative
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Palliative care symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment, hospice end-of-life prognosis 6 months or less focus comfort not curative.
Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 10: Q10: End-of-life - signs of impending death and nursing care?
A. Only pain sign
B. No signs
C. Signs Cheyne-Stokes respirations decreased LOC mottling cool extremities decreased urine anorexia, nursing care comfort measures pain control
mouth care positioning family support
D. No nursing care needed
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Signs Cheyne-Stokes respirations decreased LOC mottling cool extremities decreased urine anorexia, nursing care
comfort measures pain control mouth care positioning family support
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Signs Cheyne-Stokes respirations decreased LOC mottling cool extremities decreased urine anorexia, nursing care comfort measures pain control mouth care
positioning family support. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on
gerontological nursing, chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Page 4 - NUR 257 Exam 4 150Q 2026/2027
2026/2027 ACADEMIC YEAR | 150 VERIFIED QUESTIONS | DETAILED RATIONALES
NUR 257
AGING & CHRONIC ILLNESS
EXAM 4 | GALEN
NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness
Exam 4 - Galen College of Nursing
2026/2027 Academic Year | 150 Verified Questions & Answers
Detailed Rationales | Gerontology, Chronic Disease, End-of-Life
150Q VERIFIED NEWEST EXAM RATIONALES
EXAM 4 2026/2027 DETAILED
INCLUDES:
• Aging Theories, Geriatric Syndromes, Polypharmacy, Cognitive Disorders, Delirium
• Chronic Illness Management, Heart Failure, COPD, Diabetes, Palliative & Hospice
• 150 Verified Questions + Answers + Detailed Rationales | Exam 4 Focus
• Professional Study Guide | Borders + Page Numbers | 2026/2027 Edition
NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness | Galen College of Nursing | Not affiliated with Galen
Confidential Study Guide - Educational Purposes Only | 2026/2027 Edition
,Gerontology Theories and Geriatric Syndromes
Description: Aging theories programmed theories genetic clock telomere shortening programmed longevity, error theories wear and tear free radical accumulation
cross-linking somatic mutation mitochondrial DNA damage, 5 Ms of geriatrics framework Mind Mentation dementia delirium depression Mobility falls gait impairment
Medications polypharmacy Beers Criteria potentially inappropriate medications anticholinergics benzodiazepines opioids NSAIDs Multicomplexity multimorbidity complexity
Matters Most goals of care advance directives, geriatric syndromes falls delirium incontinence pressure injury frailty functional decline.
Cognitive Disorders and Mental Health in Older Adults
Description: Delirium vs dementia vs depression 3 Ds: Delirium acute fluctuating course inattention disorganized thinking altered LOC reversible causes medications
infection dehydration pain CAM Confusion Assessment Method diagnosis, Dementia chronic progressive memory impairment cognitive domains Alzheimer most common
vascular Lewy body frontotemporal stages mild moderate severe treatment cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil rivastigmine galantamine memantine nonpharmacologic
safety structure, Depression in older adults anhedonia persistent sadness screening PHQ-9 GDS Geriatric Depression Scale treatment therapy antidepressants
pseudodementia cognitive impairment due to depression reversible.
Chronic Illness Management in Aging - HF COPD Diabetes
Description: Chronic illness management in older adults heart failure HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension atrial
fibrillation management diuretics ACE ARB ARNI beta-blocker MRA SGLT2i, HFrEF reduced EF less than 40 systolic dysfunction ischemic cardiomyopathy management
similar, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation increased dyspnea sputum volume purulence treatment short-acting bronchodilators albuterol
ipratropium systemic steroids prednisone antibiotics if purulent sputum oxygen target 88-92% to avoid CO2 retention, Diabetes older adults goals less stringent A1C less
than 7.5 healthy less than 8 moderate comorbid less than 8.5 poor health frail avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive impairment de-intensify therapy metformin
caution renal DPP4 safer insulin caution.
Palliative Hospice End-of-Life and Professional Issues
Description: Palliative care vs hospice palliative symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment interdisciplinary team pain dyspnea nausea anxiety,
hospice end-of-life prognosis 6 months or less if disease runs normal course focus comfort not curative eligibility Medicare hospice benefit, end-of-life signs impending
death decreased LOC Cheyne-Stokes respirations apnea periods mottling cool extremities decreased urine output anorexia dysphagia decreased swallowing incontinence,
nursing care comfort measures pain management opioids morphine dyspnea oxygen positioning mouth care skin care family support spiritual care, advance directives
living will healthcare proxy DNR POLST, elder abuse types physical emotional sexual financial exploitation neglect abandonment mandatory reporting nurse must report
suspected abuse to Adult Protective Services, falls risk factors polypharmacy orthostatic hypotension visual hearing impairment cognitive impairment muscle weakness gait
impairment environmental hazards prevention medication review deprescribing strength balance exercise Tai Chi home safety grab bars lighting.
Page 2 - NUR 257 Exam 4 150Q 2026/2027
,Question 1: Q1: Aging theories - programmed vs error theories?
A. Programmed theories telomere shortening genetic clock, error theories free radical accumulation cross-linking wear and tear mitochondrial DNA
damage
B. Only programmed theories exist
C. Only error theories exist
D. No aging theories
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Programmed theories telomere shortening genetic clock, error theories free radical accumulation cross-linking wear
and tear mitochondrial DNA damage
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Programmed theories telomere shortening genetic clock, error theories free radical accumulation cross-linking wear and tear mitochondrial DNA damage.
Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 2: Q2: Geriatric syndromes - 5 Ms?
A. Only 2 Ms
B. Only 1 M
C. 5 Ms of geriatrics: Mind (dementia delirium depression), Mobility (falls gait), Medications (polypharmacy), Multicomplexity (multimorbidity), Matters
Most (goals of care)
D. No Ms framework
CORRECT ANSWER: C. 5 Ms of geriatrics: Mind (dementia delirium depression), Mobility (falls gait), Medications (polypharmacy),
Multicomplexity (multimorbidity), Matters Most (goals of care)
RATIONALE:
Rationale: 5 Ms of geriatrics: Mind (dementia delirium depression), Mobility (falls gait), Medications (polypharmacy), Multicomplexity (multimorbidity), Matters Most (goals
of care). Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic
disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 3: Q3: Polypharmacy - Beers Criteria and risks in older adults?
A. Polypharmacy no risk
B. Beers Criteria encourages inappropriate meds
C. No criteria needed
D. Beers Criteria list of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults anticholinergics benzodiazepines increase fall delirium risk, polypharmacy 5+
meds increases ADE
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Beers Criteria list of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults anticholinergics benzodiazepines increase
fall delirium risk, polypharmacy 5+ meds increases ADE
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Beers Criteria list of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults anticholinergics benzodiazepines increase fall delirium risk, polypharmacy 5+ meds
increases ADE. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing,
chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 4: Q4: Delirium vs dementia vs depression differentiation?
A. All same
B. Delirium acute fluctuating inattention reversible cause, dementia chronic progressive memory loss irreversible, depression mood anhedonia may have
pseudodementia, CAM assessment
C. No differentiation
D. Only delirium exists
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Delirium acute fluctuating inattention reversible cause, dementia chronic progressive memory loss irreversible,
depression mood anhedonia may have pseudodementia, CAM assessment
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Delirium acute fluctuating inattention reversible cause, dementia chronic progressive memory loss irreversible, depression mood anhedonia may have
pseudodementia, CAM assessment. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on
gerontological nursing, chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 5: Q5: Dementia - Alzheimer's stages and management?
A. Alzheimer's early mild memory loss moderate language behavioral late ADL dependence treatment cholinesterase inhibitors memantine nonpharm
safety
B. No stages
C. Only early stage exists
D. No treatment
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Alzheimer's early mild memory loss moderate language behavioral late ADL dependence treatment cholinesterase
inhibitors memantine nonpharm safety
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Alzheimer's early mild memory loss moderate language behavioral late ADL dependence treatment cholinesterase inhibitors memantine nonpharm safety.
Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 6: Q6: Heart failure in older adults - HFpEF vs HFrEF?
A. Only HFpEF exists young
B. Only HFrEF exists older adults
C. HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension, HFrEF reduced EF less than 40 systolic dysfunction,
management diuretics ACE ARB beta-blocker
D. No difference
Page 3 - NUR 257 Exam 4 150Q 2026/2027
, CORRECT ANSWER: C. HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension, HFrEF reduced EF
less than 40 systolic dysfunction, management diuretics ACE ARB beta-blocker
RATIONALE:
Rationale: HFpEF preserved EF greater than 50 diastolic dysfunction common older women hypertension, HFrEF reduced EF less than 40 systolic dysfunction,
management diuretics ACE ARB beta-blocker. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum,
focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging
population.
Question 7: Q7: COPD exacerbation in older adult management?
A. Oxygen target 100% COPD
B. Only antibiotics needed
C. No bronchodilators
D. COPD exacerbation dyspnea increased sputum bronchodilators short-acting albuterol steroids antibiotics if purulent sputum oxygen target 88-92% to
avoid hypercapnia
CORRECT ANSWER: D. COPD exacerbation dyspnea increased sputum bronchodilators short-acting albuterol steroids antibiotics if purulent
sputum oxygen target 88-92% to avoid hypercapnia
RATIONALE:
Rationale: COPD exacerbation dyspnea increased sputum bronchodilators short-acting albuterol steroids antibiotics if purulent sputum oxygen target 88-92% to avoid
hypercapnia. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing,
chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 8: Q8: Diabetes in older adults - goals and hypoglycemia risk?
A. A1C goal less than 6 all older adults
B. Older adults less stringent A1C goal less than 8-8.5 if comorbid frail, avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive impairment, de-intensify if needed
C. No hypoglycemia risk older adults
D. Only strict control needed
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Older adults less stringent A1C goal less than 8-8.5 if comorbid frail, avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive
impairment, de-intensify if needed
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Older adults less stringent A1C goal less than 8-8.5 if comorbid frail, avoid hypoglycemia high risk falls cognitive impairment, de-intensify if needed. Detailed
rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 9: Q9: Palliative care vs hospice - difference and eligibility?
A. Palliative care symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment, hospice end-of-life prognosis 6 months or less focus comfort not
curative
B. Same palliative and hospice
C. No difference
D. Hospice requires 2 years prognosis
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Palliative care symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment, hospice end-of-life prognosis 6
months or less focus comfort not curative
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Palliative care symptom relief serious illness any stage alongside curative treatment, hospice end-of-life prognosis 6 months or less focus comfort not curative.
Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on gerontological nursing, chronic disease
management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Question 10: Q10: End-of-life - signs of impending death and nursing care?
A. Only pain sign
B. No signs
C. Signs Cheyne-Stokes respirations decreased LOC mottling cool extremities decreased urine anorexia, nursing care comfort measures pain control
mouth care positioning family support
D. No nursing care needed
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Signs Cheyne-Stokes respirations decreased LOC mottling cool extremities decreased urine anorexia, nursing care
comfort measures pain control mouth care positioning family support
RATIONALE:
Rationale: Signs Cheyne-Stokes respirations decreased LOC mottling cool extremities decreased urine anorexia, nursing care comfort measures pain control mouth care
positioning family support. Detailed rationale for NUR 257 Concepts of Aging & Chronic Illness Exam 4 per Galen College of Nursing curriculum, focusing on
gerontological nursing, chronic disease management in older adults, geriatric syndromes, palliative and end-of-life care, evidence-based practice for aging population.
Page 4 - NUR 257 Exam 4 150Q 2026/2027
