NURSING RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE-
BASED PRACTICE - EXAM 3 PREP
1. Which of the following is the hallmark of a true experimental design?
A. High levels of qualitative data collection
B. Randomization, control, and manipulation
C. Non-random assignment to treatment groups
D. The use of a convenience sample
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A true experimental design requires randomization, a control
group, and the manipulation of an independent variable to establish causality.
2. In qualitative research, what is the primary goal of grounded theory?
A. To describe the lived experience of individuals
B. To test a hypothesis using statistical methods
C. To observe cultural patterns in a specific group
D. To develop a theory rooted in the data collected
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Grounded theory aims to generate or discover a theory that is
grounded in data systematically gathered and analyzed.
3. Which sampling method ensures that every member of the population has an equal and
independent chance of being selected?
A. Purposive sampling
B. Simple random sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Convenience sampling
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Simple random sampling is a probability sampling method
where each member has an equal chance of selection, reducing bias.
4. A researcher incorrectly rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true. What type of
error has occurred?
A. Type I error
B. Sampling error
C. Measurement error
D. Type II error
Answer: A
, Conceptual Explanation: A Type I error occurs when the researcher claims there is a
significant effect or relationship when one does not actually exist.
5. Which threat to internal validity occurs when an external event happens during the study
that influences the participants’ responses?
A. History
B. Maturation
C. Testing
D. Instrumentation
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: History refers to events occurring between the first and second
measurements that are not part of the manipulation but affect the outcome.
6. Which research design looks backward in time to examine exposures in relation to an
outcome that is already established?
A. Prospective cohort study
B. Experimental study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Retrospective study
Answer: D
BASED PRACTICE - EXAM 3 PREP
1. Which of the following is the hallmark of a true experimental design?
A. High levels of qualitative data collection
B. Randomization, control, and manipulation
C. Non-random assignment to treatment groups
D. The use of a convenience sample
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A true experimental design requires randomization, a control
group, and the manipulation of an independent variable to establish causality.
2. In qualitative research, what is the primary goal of grounded theory?
A. To describe the lived experience of individuals
B. To test a hypothesis using statistical methods
C. To observe cultural patterns in a specific group
D. To develop a theory rooted in the data collected
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Grounded theory aims to generate or discover a theory that is
grounded in data systematically gathered and analyzed.
3. Which sampling method ensures that every member of the population has an equal and
independent chance of being selected?
A. Purposive sampling
B. Simple random sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Convenience sampling
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Simple random sampling is a probability sampling method
where each member has an equal chance of selection, reducing bias.
4. A researcher incorrectly rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true. What type of
error has occurred?
A. Type I error
B. Sampling error
C. Measurement error
D. Type II error
Answer: A
, Conceptual Explanation: A Type I error occurs when the researcher claims there is a
significant effect or relationship when one does not actually exist.
5. Which threat to internal validity occurs when an external event happens during the study
that influences the participants’ responses?
A. History
B. Maturation
C. Testing
D. Instrumentation
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: History refers to events occurring between the first and second
measurements that are not part of the manipulation but affect the outcome.
6. Which research design looks backward in time to examine exposures in relation to an
outcome that is already established?
A. Prospective cohort study
B. Experimental study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Retrospective study
Answer: D
