Capstone Fundamentals Assessment exam
1 (New 2026/ 2027 Update) Questions &
Answers {Grade A} 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)
Signs and Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis - correct answer -headache
-low BP
-hyperkalemia
-muscle twitching
-warm, flushed skin
-nausea/vomiting
-decreased muscle tone and reflexes
-Kussmaul respirations
Metabolic Alkalosis Signs and Symptoms - correct answer -restlessness followed by
lethargy
-dysrhythmias (tachycardia)
-hypoventilation
-confusion
,-nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
-tremors, muscle cramps
-hypokalemia
As goes my pH... - correct answer so goes my patient except for potassium
-pH goes up- patient responses increase (heart rate, breathing etc)
-pH goes down- patient responses decrease (heart rate, breathing etc)
-potassium is always opposite pH
A Nurse is caring for a clients on the med-surg unit. Which client is most at risk to
develop a nosocomial infection?
A- clinet with alcohol abuse admitted for detox
B- Client with Type I diabetes and peripheral neuropathy
C- Client recovering from a choleystectomy
D- Client with full thickness burns, an NG tube and a Foley - correct answer D- Full
thickness burn, NG tube and Foley
*Think immunosupression and avenues for infection
,A nurse is caring for clients in the ICU. Which client may be transferred to the step-
down neuro unit?
A- Client with head injury and seizure
B- Client with an ischemic stroke 4 days ago with confusion
C- Client who is 1-day post op after a transshpenoidal craniotomy with a cerebrospinal
fluid leak
D-Client with bacterial meningitis and a Glasgow coma sale of 7 - correct answer B-
client with an ischemic stroke 4 days ago with confusion.
*Think what is normal and what is abnormal- who is most stable
After a change of shift, you are assinged to care for the following clients, Which client
should you assess first?
A- 60 year old client on a ventilator for whom a sterile sputum specimen must be sent
to the lab
B- 55 year old with COPD and a pulse oximetry reading from the previous shift of 90%
, C- 70 year old with pneumonia who needs to be started on IV antibiotics
D- 50 year old with asthma who complains of shortness of breath after using a
bronchodilator - correct answer D- 50 year old with asthma who complains of
shortness of breath after using a brochodilator
*Think ABCs, also not the desired effect of the brochodilator treatment; should be
improved.
The nurse just received report on the surgical ward. Which client should be assessed
first?
A- Peptic ulcer disease scheduled for a laparosopic choleycystectomy in 4 hours
B- Multiple injuries after a motor vehicle crash
C- Graves disease scheduled for a thyroidectomy
D- Post-appendectomy waiting for discharge - correct answer B- multiple injuries
following a motor vehicle crash
*think who is most unstable
1 (New 2026/ 2027 Update) Questions &
Answers {Grade A} 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)
Signs and Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis - correct answer -headache
-low BP
-hyperkalemia
-muscle twitching
-warm, flushed skin
-nausea/vomiting
-decreased muscle tone and reflexes
-Kussmaul respirations
Metabolic Alkalosis Signs and Symptoms - correct answer -restlessness followed by
lethargy
-dysrhythmias (tachycardia)
-hypoventilation
-confusion
,-nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
-tremors, muscle cramps
-hypokalemia
As goes my pH... - correct answer so goes my patient except for potassium
-pH goes up- patient responses increase (heart rate, breathing etc)
-pH goes down- patient responses decrease (heart rate, breathing etc)
-potassium is always opposite pH
A Nurse is caring for a clients on the med-surg unit. Which client is most at risk to
develop a nosocomial infection?
A- clinet with alcohol abuse admitted for detox
B- Client with Type I diabetes and peripheral neuropathy
C- Client recovering from a choleystectomy
D- Client with full thickness burns, an NG tube and a Foley - correct answer D- Full
thickness burn, NG tube and Foley
*Think immunosupression and avenues for infection
,A nurse is caring for clients in the ICU. Which client may be transferred to the step-
down neuro unit?
A- Client with head injury and seizure
B- Client with an ischemic stroke 4 days ago with confusion
C- Client who is 1-day post op after a transshpenoidal craniotomy with a cerebrospinal
fluid leak
D-Client with bacterial meningitis and a Glasgow coma sale of 7 - correct answer B-
client with an ischemic stroke 4 days ago with confusion.
*Think what is normal and what is abnormal- who is most stable
After a change of shift, you are assinged to care for the following clients, Which client
should you assess first?
A- 60 year old client on a ventilator for whom a sterile sputum specimen must be sent
to the lab
B- 55 year old with COPD and a pulse oximetry reading from the previous shift of 90%
, C- 70 year old with pneumonia who needs to be started on IV antibiotics
D- 50 year old with asthma who complains of shortness of breath after using a
bronchodilator - correct answer D- 50 year old with asthma who complains of
shortness of breath after using a brochodilator
*Think ABCs, also not the desired effect of the brochodilator treatment; should be
improved.
The nurse just received report on the surgical ward. Which client should be assessed
first?
A- Peptic ulcer disease scheduled for a laparosopic choleycystectomy in 4 hours
B- Multiple injuries after a motor vehicle crash
C- Graves disease scheduled for a thyroidectomy
D- Post-appendectomy waiting for discharge - correct answer B- multiple injuries
following a motor vehicle crash
*think who is most unstable
