ATI NUTRITION VERIFIED EXAM REVIEW FOR NURSING STUDENTS - 2026/2027
Academic Year - Comprehensive Practice Question Bank with Rationales and
Distractor Analysis - 110Q REAL
Basic Nutrition Nutrients MyPlate
Description: Essential nutrients macronutrients carbs protein fat water micronutrients vitamins minerals BMI weight kg divided by height m squared less than 18.5
underweight 18.5-24.9 normal 25-29.9 overweight greater than 30 obese MyPlate half fruits vegetables quarter grains half whole quarter protein lean dairy low fat carbs
45-65 percent 130 g minimum brain 4 kcal fiber 25 g women 38 g men protein 0.8 g per kg 4 kcal complete animal all essential amino acids incomplete plant combine
complementary soy quinoa complete fat 20-35 percent saturated less than 10 percent unsaturated healthier 9 kcal.
Vitamins Minerals Sources
Description: Fat soluble A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity risk water soluble B C excreted need daily iron heme meat fish poultry non-heme beans spinach enhancer
vitamin C inhibitor calcium tea coffee phytates calcium dairy milk yogurt cheese fortified OJ kale broccoli vitamin D helps absorption 1000 mg adult 1200 mg greater than
50 years sodium less than 2300 mg ideal less than 1500 mg HTN DASH rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy low sodium potassium banana orange potato avocado
spinach 4700 mg hyperkalemia restrict hypokalemia increase.
Therapeutic Diets
Description: Diabetes carb counting 45-60 g per meal consistent 15 g one carb choice glycemic index high rapid low slower fiber lowers response renal diet protein
sodium potassium phosphorus fluid restriction CKD moderate 0.8 g per kg dialysis higher 1.2 g per kg HF low sodium less than 2 g read labels avoid processed canned
soups lunch meats daily weights fluid 2 L if severe celiac gluten free avoid wheat barley rye oats contaminated rice corn safe dumping syndrome small frequent low
sugar high protein fat low fiber lie down after eating avoid fluids with meals.
Enteral Parenteral Nutrition
Description: Enteral feeding complications diarrhea constipation aspiration clogging refeeding syndrome check residual controversy hold greater than 500 mL flush 30
mL water q4h HOB 30-45 degrees TPN complications infection hyperglycemia electrolyte imbalance refeeding liver gallbladder sterile technique dedicated line daily labs
glucose monitoring.
Life Cycle Nutrition Safety Weight Hydration
Description: Pregnancy folic acid 400-800 mcg preconception prevents NTD spina bifida iron 27 mg calcium 1000 mg extra 340 kcal second trimester 450 third avoid
alcohol raw fish high mercury infant exclusive breastfeeding 6 months solids 4-6 months iron fortified cereal cow milk not before 12 months honey not before 12 months
botulism vegetarian vegan B12 only animal products need supplement nutritional yeast fortified foods food safety cook poultry 165 F ground meat 160 F steaks pork beef
145 F fish 145 F refrigerate below 40 F freeze 0 F danger zone 40-140 F 2 hour rule weight loss 1 lb about 3500 kcal deficit 500 kcal per day safe 1-2 lbs per week
dehydration dry mucous membranes poor skin turgor decreased dark urine thirst fluid needs 30 mL per kg or 1 mL per kcal labs BUN creatinine ratio Hct urine specific
gravity greater than 1.030.
Page 1 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
,Question 1: Q1: Nutrient 9 kcal per gram?
A. Fat
B. Carbohydrate
C. Protein
D. Water
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Fat
RATIONALE:
Fat 9 kcal per gram carbs protein 4 kcal alcohol 7 kcal.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C provide 4 kcal common confusion D 0 kcal but essential nutrient.
Question 2: Q2: BMI 22 classification?
A. Overweight 25-29.9
B. Underweight less than 18.5
C. Normal weight 18.5-24.9
D. Obese greater than 30
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Normal weight 18.5-24.9
RATIONALE:
BMI 22 normal 18.5-24.9 weight kg divided by height m2.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B less than 18.5 C 25-29.9 D greater than 30 test boundaries.
Question 3: Q3: MyPlate fruits vegetables portion?
A. One third
B. Quarter plate
C. No fruits vegetables
D. Half plate fruits vegetables
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Half plate fruits vegetables
RATIONALE:
MyPlate half fruits vegetables quarter grains half whole quarter protein lean dairy low fat.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B quarter grains protein C not MyPlate D contradicts USDA.
Question 4: Q4: Complete protein?
A. Rice alone
B. Eggs animal contains all essential AA
C. Beans alone
D. Corn alone
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Eggs animal contains all essential AA
RATIONALE:
Complete protein all 9 essential AA animal soy quinoa incomplete plant lacks one or more.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C D incomplete plant need complementation except soy quinoa.
Question 5: Q5: Daily fiber female?
A. 25 g per day
B. 5 g per day
C. 50 g per day
D. 0 g per day
CORRECT ANSWER: A. 25 g per day
RATIONALE:
Fiber 25 g women 38 g men 14 g per 1000 kcal bowel regularity glycemic cholesterol.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B too low C excessive GI upset D no fiber constipation.
Question 6: Q6: Fat soluble vitamins?
A. B12 only
B. B and C
C. A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity risk
D. C only
CORRECT ANSWER: C. A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity risk
RATIONALE:
Fat soluble A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity water soluble B C excreted daily.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B water soluble C D incomplete confuse solubility.
Question 7: Q7: Heme iron best source?
A. Beans alone
B. Spinach alone
C. Fortified cereal alone
D. Red meat beef liver poultry fish
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Red meat beef liver poultry fish
RATIONALE:
Heme iron meat fish poultry 15-35 percent absorbed non-heme 2-20 percent enhancer vit C inhibitor calcium tea coffee phytates.
Page 2 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
,DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C D non-heme lower bioavailability students think spinach best but lower absorption.
Page 3 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
, Question 8: Q8: Calcium absorption requires?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K only
D. No vitamin needed
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Vitamin D
RATIONALE:
Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption gut regulates blood calcium sources dairy fortified OJ kale broccoli.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B enhances iron not calcium C role clotting bone D false.
Question 9: Q9: DASH diet recommended for?
A. Hypertension rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy low sodium
B. Diabetes only
C. Celiac
D. No condition
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Hypertension rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy low sodium
RATIONALE:
DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy potassium low sodium less than 2300 mg ideal 1500 mg.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B diabetes carb counting C gluten free D false.
Question 10: Q10: High potassium food restrict hyperkalemia?
A. Cucumber
B. Apple
C. Banana orange potato avocado
D. Green beans low potassium
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Banana orange potato avocado
RATIONALE:
High potassium banana orange potato avocado spinach tomato 4700 mg daily hyperkalemia restrict avoid salt substitutes KCl.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C D low potassium acceptable hyperkalemia.
Question 11: Q11: Diabetes consistent carb meal?
A. 100 g per meal always
B. 0 g per meal
C. No counting needed
D. 45-60 g carbs per meal 15 g one choice
CORRECT ANSWER: D. 45-60 g carbs per meal 15 g one choice
RATIONALE:
Diabetes 45-60 g per meal consistent 15 g one choice glycemic index high rapid low slower fiber protein fat lower response.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B unrealistic C excessive D counting needed glycemic control.
Question 12: Q12: Enteral high aspiration risk action?
A. Lay flat supine
B. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees check residual flush water
C. Give bolus fast
D. No elevation needed
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees check residual flush water
RATIONALE:
Aspiration precaution HOB 30-45 degrees during and 30-60 min after check gastric residual controversy hold greater than 500 mL flush 30 mL water q4h.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B supine increases risk C fast bolus increases risk D no elevation unsafe.
Question 13: Q13: TPN infection prevention priority?
A. Sterile technique dedicated line daily labs glucose
B. Use same line for meds always
C. No sterile needed
D. Only check glucose weekly
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Sterile technique dedicated line daily labs glucose
RATIONALE:
TPN high dextrose infection risk sterile technique dedicated line not for meds blood draws daily labs electrolytes glucose liver.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B same line increases infection incompatibility C false D weekly insufficient.
Question 14: Q14: CKD dialysis protein needs?
A. 0 g protein
B. 0.8 g per kg only
C. Higher 1.2 g per kg hemodialysis 1.2-1.3 g peritoneal due losses
D. 5 g per kg
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Higher 1.2 g per kg hemodialysis 1.2-1.3 g peritoneal due losses
RATIONALE:
CKD non-dialysis 0.8 g/kg moderate hemodialysis 1.2 g/kg peritoneal 1.2-1.3 g/kg due protein losses dialysate.
Page 4 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
Academic Year - Comprehensive Practice Question Bank with Rationales and
Distractor Analysis - 110Q REAL
Basic Nutrition Nutrients MyPlate
Description: Essential nutrients macronutrients carbs protein fat water micronutrients vitamins minerals BMI weight kg divided by height m squared less than 18.5
underweight 18.5-24.9 normal 25-29.9 overweight greater than 30 obese MyPlate half fruits vegetables quarter grains half whole quarter protein lean dairy low fat carbs
45-65 percent 130 g minimum brain 4 kcal fiber 25 g women 38 g men protein 0.8 g per kg 4 kcal complete animal all essential amino acids incomplete plant combine
complementary soy quinoa complete fat 20-35 percent saturated less than 10 percent unsaturated healthier 9 kcal.
Vitamins Minerals Sources
Description: Fat soluble A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity risk water soluble B C excreted need daily iron heme meat fish poultry non-heme beans spinach enhancer
vitamin C inhibitor calcium tea coffee phytates calcium dairy milk yogurt cheese fortified OJ kale broccoli vitamin D helps absorption 1000 mg adult 1200 mg greater than
50 years sodium less than 2300 mg ideal less than 1500 mg HTN DASH rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy low sodium potassium banana orange potato avocado
spinach 4700 mg hyperkalemia restrict hypokalemia increase.
Therapeutic Diets
Description: Diabetes carb counting 45-60 g per meal consistent 15 g one carb choice glycemic index high rapid low slower fiber lowers response renal diet protein
sodium potassium phosphorus fluid restriction CKD moderate 0.8 g per kg dialysis higher 1.2 g per kg HF low sodium less than 2 g read labels avoid processed canned
soups lunch meats daily weights fluid 2 L if severe celiac gluten free avoid wheat barley rye oats contaminated rice corn safe dumping syndrome small frequent low
sugar high protein fat low fiber lie down after eating avoid fluids with meals.
Enteral Parenteral Nutrition
Description: Enteral feeding complications diarrhea constipation aspiration clogging refeeding syndrome check residual controversy hold greater than 500 mL flush 30
mL water q4h HOB 30-45 degrees TPN complications infection hyperglycemia electrolyte imbalance refeeding liver gallbladder sterile technique dedicated line daily labs
glucose monitoring.
Life Cycle Nutrition Safety Weight Hydration
Description: Pregnancy folic acid 400-800 mcg preconception prevents NTD spina bifida iron 27 mg calcium 1000 mg extra 340 kcal second trimester 450 third avoid
alcohol raw fish high mercury infant exclusive breastfeeding 6 months solids 4-6 months iron fortified cereal cow milk not before 12 months honey not before 12 months
botulism vegetarian vegan B12 only animal products need supplement nutritional yeast fortified foods food safety cook poultry 165 F ground meat 160 F steaks pork beef
145 F fish 145 F refrigerate below 40 F freeze 0 F danger zone 40-140 F 2 hour rule weight loss 1 lb about 3500 kcal deficit 500 kcal per day safe 1-2 lbs per week
dehydration dry mucous membranes poor skin turgor decreased dark urine thirst fluid needs 30 mL per kg or 1 mL per kcal labs BUN creatinine ratio Hct urine specific
gravity greater than 1.030.
Page 1 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
,Question 1: Q1: Nutrient 9 kcal per gram?
A. Fat
B. Carbohydrate
C. Protein
D. Water
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Fat
RATIONALE:
Fat 9 kcal per gram carbs protein 4 kcal alcohol 7 kcal.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C provide 4 kcal common confusion D 0 kcal but essential nutrient.
Question 2: Q2: BMI 22 classification?
A. Overweight 25-29.9
B. Underweight less than 18.5
C. Normal weight 18.5-24.9
D. Obese greater than 30
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Normal weight 18.5-24.9
RATIONALE:
BMI 22 normal 18.5-24.9 weight kg divided by height m2.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B less than 18.5 C 25-29.9 D greater than 30 test boundaries.
Question 3: Q3: MyPlate fruits vegetables portion?
A. One third
B. Quarter plate
C. No fruits vegetables
D. Half plate fruits vegetables
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Half plate fruits vegetables
RATIONALE:
MyPlate half fruits vegetables quarter grains half whole quarter protein lean dairy low fat.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B quarter grains protein C not MyPlate D contradicts USDA.
Question 4: Q4: Complete protein?
A. Rice alone
B. Eggs animal contains all essential AA
C. Beans alone
D. Corn alone
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Eggs animal contains all essential AA
RATIONALE:
Complete protein all 9 essential AA animal soy quinoa incomplete plant lacks one or more.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C D incomplete plant need complementation except soy quinoa.
Question 5: Q5: Daily fiber female?
A. 25 g per day
B. 5 g per day
C. 50 g per day
D. 0 g per day
CORRECT ANSWER: A. 25 g per day
RATIONALE:
Fiber 25 g women 38 g men 14 g per 1000 kcal bowel regularity glycemic cholesterol.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B too low C excessive GI upset D no fiber constipation.
Question 6: Q6: Fat soluble vitamins?
A. B12 only
B. B and C
C. A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity risk
D. C only
CORRECT ANSWER: C. A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity risk
RATIONALE:
Fat soluble A D E K stored liver adipose toxicity water soluble B C excreted daily.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B water soluble C D incomplete confuse solubility.
Question 7: Q7: Heme iron best source?
A. Beans alone
B. Spinach alone
C. Fortified cereal alone
D. Red meat beef liver poultry fish
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Red meat beef liver poultry fish
RATIONALE:
Heme iron meat fish poultry 15-35 percent absorbed non-heme 2-20 percent enhancer vit C inhibitor calcium tea coffee phytates.
Page 2 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
,DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C D non-heme lower bioavailability students think spinach best but lower absorption.
Page 3 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
, Question 8: Q8: Calcium absorption requires?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K only
D. No vitamin needed
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Vitamin D
RATIONALE:
Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption gut regulates blood calcium sources dairy fortified OJ kale broccoli.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B enhances iron not calcium C role clotting bone D false.
Question 9: Q9: DASH diet recommended for?
A. Hypertension rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy low sodium
B. Diabetes only
C. Celiac
D. No condition
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Hypertension rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy low sodium
RATIONALE:
DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension rich fruits vegetables low fat dairy potassium low sodium less than 2300 mg ideal 1500 mg.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B diabetes carb counting C gluten free D false.
Question 10: Q10: High potassium food restrict hyperkalemia?
A. Cucumber
B. Apple
C. Banana orange potato avocado
D. Green beans low potassium
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Banana orange potato avocado
RATIONALE:
High potassium banana orange potato avocado spinach tomato 4700 mg daily hyperkalemia restrict avoid salt substitutes KCl.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B C D low potassium acceptable hyperkalemia.
Question 11: Q11: Diabetes consistent carb meal?
A. 100 g per meal always
B. 0 g per meal
C. No counting needed
D. 45-60 g carbs per meal 15 g one choice
CORRECT ANSWER: D. 45-60 g carbs per meal 15 g one choice
RATIONALE:
Diabetes 45-60 g per meal consistent 15 g one choice glycemic index high rapid low slower fiber protein fat lower response.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B unrealistic C excessive D counting needed glycemic control.
Question 12: Q12: Enteral high aspiration risk action?
A. Lay flat supine
B. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees check residual flush water
C. Give bolus fast
D. No elevation needed
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees check residual flush water
RATIONALE:
Aspiration precaution HOB 30-45 degrees during and 30-60 min after check gastric residual controversy hold greater than 500 mL flush 30 mL water q4h.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B supine increases risk C fast bolus increases risk D no elevation unsafe.
Question 13: Q13: TPN infection prevention priority?
A. Sterile technique dedicated line daily labs glucose
B. Use same line for meds always
C. No sterile needed
D. Only check glucose weekly
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Sterile technique dedicated line daily labs glucose
RATIONALE:
TPN high dextrose infection risk sterile technique dedicated line not for meds blood draws daily labs electrolytes glucose liver.
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS: B same line increases infection incompatibility C false D weekly insufficient.
Question 14: Q14: CKD dialysis protein needs?
A. 0 g protein
B. 0.8 g per kg only
C. Higher 1.2 g per kg hemodialysis 1.2-1.3 g peritoneal due losses
D. 5 g per kg
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Higher 1.2 g per kg hemodialysis 1.2-1.3 g peritoneal due losses
RATIONALE:
CKD non-dialysis 0.8 g/kg moderate hemodialysis 1.2 g/kg peritoneal 1.2-1.3 g/kg due protein losses dialysate.
Page 4 - ATI Nutrition Review 110Q Distractor 2026/2027
