NR293 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 HIGH-
YIELD TOPICS SUMMARY 2026
◉ what is disintegration.
Answer: breakdown of oral drug into smaller particles
◉ What is dissolution.
Answer: Process of combining small drug particles with liquid to
form a solution
◉ What is drug absorption.
Answer: Drug movement from GI tract into bloodstream
happens in small intestine
◉ What is bioavailability.
Answer: What is left of drug after swallowing.
PO meds will never have 100% bioavailability
◉ Factors affecting Bioavailability.
Answer: -Absorption
-first pass metabolism
,-Drug form
-route of admin
-gastric mucous % motility
-changes in liver metabolism
-Administration w/ food and other drugs
◉ What is first pass effect.
Answer: drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter the portal vein and
pass through the liver before entering circulation.
PO meds only
◉ Characteristics of ADHD.
Answer: Inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, restlessness,
hyperactivity, inability to complete tasks, impulsivity
◉ Characteristics of narcolepsy.
Answer: recurrent attacks of drowsiness and sleep during daytime
unable to control sleep
falling asleep while driving, talking, eating, standing
◉ Where does drug metablosim occur.
Answer: In the the liver
, ◉ What is drug metabolism.
Answer: process of body chemically changing drug into a form to be
excreted
◉ What is the half-life of a drug?.
Answer: the time it takes for the drug in body to be reduced by half
◉ What is a loading dose.
Answer: Large initial dose of medication followed by small
maintence dose
◉ Where does drug excretion occur?.
Answer: kidneys
◉ Ways drug excretion takes place.
Answer: Kidneys, liver (bile), feces, lungs, saliva
◉ What is the primary effect of a drug.
Answer: Why you're taking the drug (desirable response)
◉ What is the secondary effect of a drug.
YIELD TOPICS SUMMARY 2026
◉ what is disintegration.
Answer: breakdown of oral drug into smaller particles
◉ What is dissolution.
Answer: Process of combining small drug particles with liquid to
form a solution
◉ What is drug absorption.
Answer: Drug movement from GI tract into bloodstream
happens in small intestine
◉ What is bioavailability.
Answer: What is left of drug after swallowing.
PO meds will never have 100% bioavailability
◉ Factors affecting Bioavailability.
Answer: -Absorption
-first pass metabolism
,-Drug form
-route of admin
-gastric mucous % motility
-changes in liver metabolism
-Administration w/ food and other drugs
◉ What is first pass effect.
Answer: drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter the portal vein and
pass through the liver before entering circulation.
PO meds only
◉ Characteristics of ADHD.
Answer: Inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, restlessness,
hyperactivity, inability to complete tasks, impulsivity
◉ Characteristics of narcolepsy.
Answer: recurrent attacks of drowsiness and sleep during daytime
unable to control sleep
falling asleep while driving, talking, eating, standing
◉ Where does drug metablosim occur.
Answer: In the the liver
, ◉ What is drug metabolism.
Answer: process of body chemically changing drug into a form to be
excreted
◉ What is the half-life of a drug?.
Answer: the time it takes for the drug in body to be reduced by half
◉ What is a loading dose.
Answer: Large initial dose of medication followed by small
maintence dose
◉ Where does drug excretion occur?.
Answer: kidneys
◉ Ways drug excretion takes place.
Answer: Kidneys, liver (bile), feces, lungs, saliva
◉ What is the primary effect of a drug.
Answer: Why you're taking the drug (desirable response)
◉ What is the secondary effect of a drug.
