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A pediatric nurse is conducting a developmental screening on a
2-year-old child. Which finding should prompt the nurse to
initiate a referral for speech-language evaluation?
a. The child speaks in 3 to 4 word sentences
b. The child cannot put two words together
c. The child has a vocabulary of 50 words
d. The child echoes questions asked by the parent
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By 24 months of age, children should typically be
,combining two words into simple phrases (e.g., "more juice,"
"daddy go"). The inability to do so represents a significant
language delay and warrants a full audiology and speech
evaluation. Options A and C represent normal development,
and Echolalia (option D) is a normal part of language acquisition.
A newborn is noted to have a sharp, midline color demarcation
where one half of the body is pale and the other is
erythematous (flushed). This Harlequin sign is primarily caused
by which physiological mechanism?
a. Increased intracranial pressure
b. A localized allergic reaction to the delivery room environment
c. Immaturity of the autonomic nervous system
d. An underlying congenital heart defect
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Harlequin sign is a transient, benign, vascular
phenomenon seen in newborns. It occurs due to the immature
autonomic nervous system, which causes temporary peripheral
vasodilation and vasoconstriction. It is not a sign of illness,
sepsis, or cardiac pathology. It resolves spontaneously without
intervention.
A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-child visit.
Which milestone is developmentally appropriate for the nurse
to assess at this age?
a. The infant demonstrates the pincer grasp and waves "bye-
bye"
, b. The infant sits steadily without support and transfers objects
between hands
c. The infant laughs, claps hands, and reaches for objects
d. The infant pulls to a standing position and crawls
✔️ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 6 months, infants should be socially interactive
(laughing), demonstrating early motor skills (clapping), and
showing gross motor progress (sitting with support). Option A
(pincer grasp) is closer to 9 months, Option B (sitting
independently) is usually 8 months, and Option D (pulling to
stand) is a 9-10 month milestone.
A 7-day-old newborn has lost 8% of their birth weight but is
regaining weight. The mother is concerned. What is the most
appropriate nursing action?
a. Recommend supplementing with formula immediately
b. Recheck the weight in 1 week
c. Admit the infant to the hospital for failure to thrive
d. Instruct the mother to feed the infant every hour
✔️ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A weight loss of up to 10% of birth weight is
considered normal in the first week of life. Weight loss should
stop by day 3-4 and birth weight should be regained by day 10-
14. Since the infant is already partially regaining, rechecking
weight in a week (by which time they should be back to birth
weight) is the appropriate management.