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MSC Orthopaedic Reconstruction &
Trauma: Anatomy and Vocabulary with
complete solution
MSC Week 2 Anatomy & Vocabulary for Knee, Hip,
Shoulder and Trauma
What bones make up the Knee Joint?
- Femur
- Tibia
- Patella
(NOT the fibula)
- _______ is also referred to as "Compact" or Lamellae"
- It is the strong, dense _______surface of a bone
- Makes up ____% of the skeleton
- Cortical Bone is also referred to as "Compact" or Lamellae"
- It is the strong, dense outer surface of a bone
- Makes up 80% of the skeleton
Cancellous Bone
- Cortical bone is spongy or trabecular
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- Crossed lattice structure located at the end of long bones
Subchondral Bone
- Dense bone beneath articular cartilage
Long Bones (6)
Upper:
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
Lower:
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
Diaphysis of a Bone -- and what does it surround?
- The shaft of a long bone
- Consists of a thick cortical bone shell surrounding the medullary canal
The Epiphysis of a bone is the growth plate of cartilage that goes through _______ (not
present in _______)
The Epiphysis of a bone is the growth plate of cartilage that goes through ossification
(not present in adults)
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The _______ of a bone is the area between the diaphysis and epiphysis . In adults, it is
the end of the bone that is comprised of _______ bone.
The Metaphysis of a bone is the area between the diaphysis and epiphysis . In adults, it
is the end of the bone that is comprised of cancellous bone.
Functions of a Tendon (5)
- Connects muscle to bone
- Transfers forces from muscle to bone, producing joint motion
- Orient themselves along stress
- Strong in tension
- Forces influence mechanical properties
Functions of a Ligament (5)
- Connects bone to bone
- Restricts joint motions
- Stabilizes joints
- Resists certain motion forces
- Have mechanoreceptors and nerves that help with proprioception
What are the classifications of Ligament Healing?
Grade I: Mild sprain
Grade II: Moderate sprain & partial tear of the ligament
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Grade III: Complete tear
What are the 3 phases of ligament healing?
Proliferation: 7-21 days
Remodeling: >14 days
Maturation: Up to 18 months
Tendons & Ligaments are weakest between days 5-21
Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage -- what makes it different from other tissues in the body?
What happens if left untreated?
- Has no innate ability to repair itself, making injury permanent
- If left untreated, even a small chondral defect can expand in size and progress to
arthritis and eventually joint replacement
Skeletal muscle is often called _______ _______.
Voluntary muscles
Muscle Structure Development (5 steps)
- _______ carry oxygenated blood
- _______ exchange blood, water, and chemicals
- _______ return from capillaries
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood
- Capillaries exchange blood, water, and chemicals
- Veins return from capillaries
Knee Joint Bone Structure (5)
- Junction of 3 bones
- No inherent stability
- Largest joint in the body
- High load and stress
- All about motion
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MSC Orthopaedic Reconstruction &
Trauma: Anatomy and Vocabulary with
complete solution
MSC Week 2 Anatomy & Vocabulary for Knee, Hip,
Shoulder and Trauma
What bones make up the Knee Joint?
- Femur
- Tibia
- Patella
(NOT the fibula)
- _______ is also referred to as "Compact" or Lamellae"
- It is the strong, dense _______surface of a bone
- Makes up ____% of the skeleton
- Cortical Bone is also referred to as "Compact" or Lamellae"
- It is the strong, dense outer surface of a bone
- Makes up 80% of the skeleton
Cancellous Bone
- Cortical bone is spongy or trabecular
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- Crossed lattice structure located at the end of long bones
Subchondral Bone
- Dense bone beneath articular cartilage
Long Bones (6)
Upper:
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
Lower:
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
Diaphysis of a Bone -- and what does it surround?
- The shaft of a long bone
- Consists of a thick cortical bone shell surrounding the medullary canal
The Epiphysis of a bone is the growth plate of cartilage that goes through _______ (not
present in _______)
The Epiphysis of a bone is the growth plate of cartilage that goes through ossification
(not present in adults)
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The _______ of a bone is the area between the diaphysis and epiphysis . In adults, it is
the end of the bone that is comprised of _______ bone.
The Metaphysis of a bone is the area between the diaphysis and epiphysis . In adults, it
is the end of the bone that is comprised of cancellous bone.
Functions of a Tendon (5)
- Connects muscle to bone
- Transfers forces from muscle to bone, producing joint motion
- Orient themselves along stress
- Strong in tension
- Forces influence mechanical properties
Functions of a Ligament (5)
- Connects bone to bone
- Restricts joint motions
- Stabilizes joints
- Resists certain motion forces
- Have mechanoreceptors and nerves that help with proprioception
What are the classifications of Ligament Healing?
Grade I: Mild sprain
Grade II: Moderate sprain & partial tear of the ligament
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Grade III: Complete tear
What are the 3 phases of ligament healing?
Proliferation: 7-21 days
Remodeling: >14 days
Maturation: Up to 18 months
Tendons & Ligaments are weakest between days 5-21
Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage -- what makes it different from other tissues in the body?
What happens if left untreated?
- Has no innate ability to repair itself, making injury permanent
- If left untreated, even a small chondral defect can expand in size and progress to
arthritis and eventually joint replacement
Skeletal muscle is often called _______ _______.
Voluntary muscles
Muscle Structure Development (5 steps)
- _______ carry oxygenated blood
- _______ exchange blood, water, and chemicals
- _______ return from capillaries
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood
- Capillaries exchange blood, water, and chemicals
- Veins return from capillaries
Knee Joint Bone Structure (5)
- Junction of 3 bones
- No inherent stability
- Largest joint in the body
- High load and stress
- All about motion
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