BMSC 210 -Module 3-Questions And
Answers.
Antisepsis - Answer Removing pathogens from living tissue
Acidophiles - Answer grow at extreme acid pH
How do bacteria archaea replicate? - Answer binary fission
budding
form filaments
- all must replicate and segregate the genome prior to divison
bacterial cell cycle - Answer cell cycle is sequence of events from formation of new cell
through the next cell division
consists of 3 phases:
1. period of growth after the cell is born
chromosome replication and partitioning
cytokinesis
origin of replication - Answer bacteria have a single origin of replication which is the site at
which replication begins
terminus - Answer site at which replication is terminated, located opposite of the origin
Replisome - Answer group of proteins needed for DNA synthesis
DNA replication proceeds in both directions from the origin, this is termed bi-directional
replication
Septation - Answer formation of cross walls between daughter cells
several steps:
- selection of site for septum formation
- assembly of Z ring (composed of protein FtsZ)
- assembly of cell wall synthesizing machinery
- constriction of cell and septum formation
, cellular growth is determined by peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria - Answer - penicillin
binding proteins (PBP's) link peptidoglycan strands and catalyze controlled degradation for new
growth
- Autolysins - PBP enzymes that degrade peptidoglycan at site where new units are added
Cocci divisome - Answer new peptidoglycan forms only at the central septum
- FtsZ determines site of cell wall growth
- Ftsz may recruit PBPs for synthesis of septum
Rods divisome - Answer elongate prior to septation
- MreB determines cell diameter/elongation as Z ring forms
FtsZ - Answer forms Z ring
MreB - Answer helical polymerization throughout cell
Crescentin - Answer intermediate filament homologue
shape-determining protein
localizes to short, curved side of cell (forms curve)
Z ring - Answer structure composed of FtsZ needed for bacterial cell division
Archaeal cell cycle - Answer resembles eukaryal cell cycle
- difference occurs in segregation of chromosomes where they use SegA/SegB protein system
Growth - Answer increase in population
lag phase - Answer "flat" period of adjustment, enlargement; little growth
- adapt to new medium and synthesis new enzymes (maintenance)
exponential phase - Answer -also called log phase
-rate of growth is constant
-population is most uniform in terms of chemical and physical properties during this phase
stationary phase - Answer period of equilibrium; microbial deaths balance production of new
cells
Answers.
Antisepsis - Answer Removing pathogens from living tissue
Acidophiles - Answer grow at extreme acid pH
How do bacteria archaea replicate? - Answer binary fission
budding
form filaments
- all must replicate and segregate the genome prior to divison
bacterial cell cycle - Answer cell cycle is sequence of events from formation of new cell
through the next cell division
consists of 3 phases:
1. period of growth after the cell is born
chromosome replication and partitioning
cytokinesis
origin of replication - Answer bacteria have a single origin of replication which is the site at
which replication begins
terminus - Answer site at which replication is terminated, located opposite of the origin
Replisome - Answer group of proteins needed for DNA synthesis
DNA replication proceeds in both directions from the origin, this is termed bi-directional
replication
Septation - Answer formation of cross walls between daughter cells
several steps:
- selection of site for septum formation
- assembly of Z ring (composed of protein FtsZ)
- assembly of cell wall synthesizing machinery
- constriction of cell and septum formation
, cellular growth is determined by peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria - Answer - penicillin
binding proteins (PBP's) link peptidoglycan strands and catalyze controlled degradation for new
growth
- Autolysins - PBP enzymes that degrade peptidoglycan at site where new units are added
Cocci divisome - Answer new peptidoglycan forms only at the central septum
- FtsZ determines site of cell wall growth
- Ftsz may recruit PBPs for synthesis of septum
Rods divisome - Answer elongate prior to septation
- MreB determines cell diameter/elongation as Z ring forms
FtsZ - Answer forms Z ring
MreB - Answer helical polymerization throughout cell
Crescentin - Answer intermediate filament homologue
shape-determining protein
localizes to short, curved side of cell (forms curve)
Z ring - Answer structure composed of FtsZ needed for bacterial cell division
Archaeal cell cycle - Answer resembles eukaryal cell cycle
- difference occurs in segregation of chromosomes where they use SegA/SegB protein system
Growth - Answer increase in population
lag phase - Answer "flat" period of adjustment, enlargement; little growth
- adapt to new medium and synthesis new enzymes (maintenance)
exponential phase - Answer -also called log phase
-rate of growth is constant
-population is most uniform in terms of chemical and physical properties during this phase
stationary phase - Answer period of equilibrium; microbial deaths balance production of new
cells
