Principles of pharmacology | Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Define pharmacokinetics
Answer: what the body does to the drug
Question: Define pharmacodynamics
Answer: what the drug does to the body
Question: Define the Trade Name of a drug; what is special about the name?
Answer: - The proprietary name
- name for the drug manufactured by one company
- first letter is capitalized
- followed by a trademark symbol
Question: Define generic name; what is special about the name?
Answer: - the name the manufacturer uses for the drug
- nonproprietary name
- the same in all countries
- lower case
- made by more than one company
Question: What is the trade name for diazepam?
Answer: Valium
Question: What are two possible trade names for hydroxyzine?
Answer: - Atarax
- Vistaril
Question: Define chemical names
Answer: The name that includes All the chemicals that make up a drug
Question: When do drugs take part in chemical reactions in the body?
Answer: When they bond at specific sites on the body called receptor sites
Question: What kind of model do drugs and receptor sites make when they bond together?
Answer: They fit together like a lock and key, every drug has a specific receptor sites
Question: What is an agonist?
Answer: Drugs that activate receptors and have the same actions as the body's own chemicals.
Question: What receptor site does morphine activate in the body? What does it produce?
Answer: Opiate receptors; produces analgesia (pain relief)
Question: What is a non pharmaceutical way the body produces analgesia?
Answer: Deep breathing, which also activates opiate receptors triggering the body to release endorphins to
decrease pain
, Question: What do you call drugs that only partially activate receptor sites?
Answer: Partial agonists
Question: What is an example of a partial agonist? What is it often used with
Answer: Buspirone (Buspar) - used commonly with antidepressants like Prozac which are full serotonin
agonists, to boost its effects
Question: What do you call a drug that attaches to a receptor site but does not activate or unlock it?
Answer: -antagonist
- no increase in cell activity
Question: What is an important feature of an antagonist?
Answer: As long as an antagonist is attached to a site, agonists cannot bind there, allowing it to stop reactions
Question: What is an example of an antagonist and its reaction?
Answer: -naloxone(Narcan)
- in an opiate overdose narcan can reverse the effects of an opioid that would cause an
overdose
Question: True or false: drugs don't have to changed chemically to be usable by the body?
Answer: False: drugs must be changed chemically to be useable to the bidy
Question: What are the for basic principles of pharmacokinetics?
Answer: (ADME) -absorption -distribution -metabolism/ biotransformation
- excretion
Question: Define absorption
Answer: The way a drug enters the body and passes into circulation
Question: What 3 process takes place though absorption? Define them
Answer: Diffusion- moving through a semi-permeable membrane from and area of high concentration to low
Filtration- the passage of a substance through a filter that only allows certain substances through Osmosis: the
diffusion of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane.
Question: It is known that sometimes molecules must move up a gradient from an area of a low concentration
to an area of high concentration. What is the energy that the body uses to make this possible?
Answer: ATP which stores provides energy to all the cells in the body, ATP is used to move molecules from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration this is called active transport.
Question: What is an example of active transport in pharmacokinetics?
Answer: An example is the bodies use of digoxin (Lanoxin) a drug that is used to decrease the activity of ATP
enzymes. The heart uses electrical conductivity to produce a heartbeat, contracting the heart when the heart
muscle is at rest, sodium stays outside of the cell wall and potassium stays on the inside, and then when the
heart contracts the sodium potassium pump moves, sodium inside of the cell and potassium outside the cell.
When it relaxes sodium goes back outside of the cell and potassium goes back in. Because digoxin decreases
activity of ATP enzymes and because clients with a hindered sodium potassium pump can have a slower heart
rate. It is important to monitor the heart rate of patients on digoxin.
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Define pharmacokinetics
Answer: what the body does to the drug
Question: Define pharmacodynamics
Answer: what the drug does to the body
Question: Define the Trade Name of a drug; what is special about the name?
Answer: - The proprietary name
- name for the drug manufactured by one company
- first letter is capitalized
- followed by a trademark symbol
Question: Define generic name; what is special about the name?
Answer: - the name the manufacturer uses for the drug
- nonproprietary name
- the same in all countries
- lower case
- made by more than one company
Question: What is the trade name for diazepam?
Answer: Valium
Question: What are two possible trade names for hydroxyzine?
Answer: - Atarax
- Vistaril
Question: Define chemical names
Answer: The name that includes All the chemicals that make up a drug
Question: When do drugs take part in chemical reactions in the body?
Answer: When they bond at specific sites on the body called receptor sites
Question: What kind of model do drugs and receptor sites make when they bond together?
Answer: They fit together like a lock and key, every drug has a specific receptor sites
Question: What is an agonist?
Answer: Drugs that activate receptors and have the same actions as the body's own chemicals.
Question: What receptor site does morphine activate in the body? What does it produce?
Answer: Opiate receptors; produces analgesia (pain relief)
Question: What is a non pharmaceutical way the body produces analgesia?
Answer: Deep breathing, which also activates opiate receptors triggering the body to release endorphins to
decrease pain
, Question: What do you call drugs that only partially activate receptor sites?
Answer: Partial agonists
Question: What is an example of a partial agonist? What is it often used with
Answer: Buspirone (Buspar) - used commonly with antidepressants like Prozac which are full serotonin
agonists, to boost its effects
Question: What do you call a drug that attaches to a receptor site but does not activate or unlock it?
Answer: -antagonist
- no increase in cell activity
Question: What is an important feature of an antagonist?
Answer: As long as an antagonist is attached to a site, agonists cannot bind there, allowing it to stop reactions
Question: What is an example of an antagonist and its reaction?
Answer: -naloxone(Narcan)
- in an opiate overdose narcan can reverse the effects of an opioid that would cause an
overdose
Question: True or false: drugs don't have to changed chemically to be usable by the body?
Answer: False: drugs must be changed chemically to be useable to the bidy
Question: What are the for basic principles of pharmacokinetics?
Answer: (ADME) -absorption -distribution -metabolism/ biotransformation
- excretion
Question: Define absorption
Answer: The way a drug enters the body and passes into circulation
Question: What 3 process takes place though absorption? Define them
Answer: Diffusion- moving through a semi-permeable membrane from and area of high concentration to low
Filtration- the passage of a substance through a filter that only allows certain substances through Osmosis: the
diffusion of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane.
Question: It is known that sometimes molecules must move up a gradient from an area of a low concentration
to an area of high concentration. What is the energy that the body uses to make this possible?
Answer: ATP which stores provides energy to all the cells in the body, ATP is used to move molecules from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration this is called active transport.
Question: What is an example of active transport in pharmacokinetics?
Answer: An example is the bodies use of digoxin (Lanoxin) a drug that is used to decrease the activity of ATP
enzymes. The heart uses electrical conductivity to produce a heartbeat, contracting the heart when the heart
muscle is at rest, sodium stays outside of the cell wall and potassium stays on the inside, and then when the
heart contracts the sodium potassium pump moves, sodium inside of the cell and potassium outside the cell.
When it relaxes sodium goes back outside of the cell and potassium goes back in. Because digoxin decreases
activity of ATP enzymes and because clients with a hindered sodium potassium pump can have a slower heart
rate. It is important to monitor the heart rate of patients on digoxin.
