BMSC 230 - Module 1-Test Questions
with Quality Answers.
Anabolism - Answer Building molecules, requires energy input
Catabolism - Answer Breaking apart molecules, releases energy
Functions of metabolism - Answer 1. To obtain chemical energy in the form of ATP
2. To convert ingested food molecules into building blocks of larger molecules needed
3. To assemble small building blocks into larger stuff
4. To synthesize and degrade specific biomolecules in cells
Amphibolic pathways - Answer Can function anabolically or catabolically, depending on the
energy conditions of the cell
ATP is used for _____ - Answer Mechanical work, active transport, and synthesis of
macromolecules
What is the delta G of a spontaneous reaction - Answer Negative
What is the delta G of a nonspontaneous reaction - Answer Positive
Determining ΔG - Answer ΔG = ΔGº + RT ln (([C][D])/([A][B]))
If Keq < ΔGº' - Answer Reverse reaction is favoured
If Keq > ΔGº' - Answer Forward reaction is favoured
If Keq = ΔGº' - Answer Reaction is at equilibrium
Acidic anahydride bonds - Answer The high energy bonds present in ATP, 2 per molecule
NADPH and NADP+ are used primarily in ______ - Answer Reductive biosynthesis
, 3 ways in which metabolic pathways are regulated - Answer 1. Amount or abundance of
enzyme that catalyzes a regulated step
2. The catalytic activity of an enzyme (allosteric or covalent (hormones and others))
3. Controlling the availability of substrates
Most activated carriers that act as coenzymes are derived from ______, particularly _____ -
Answer Vitamins, the B vitamins
The three stages of energy generation from the oxidation of food - Answer 1. Large molecules
are broken down into smaller units (digestion)
2. Small units are broken down into a few, even simpler, units (mostly Acetyl CoA, and some
ATP)
3. ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of Acetyl CoA
What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions? - Answer Lactate
What happens to pyruvate under aerobic conditions? - Answer Acetyl CoA
describe glycogens structure and function - Answer a highly branched homopolysaccharide of
glucose
it stores glucose when it is plentiful
where is glycogen located in the body - Answer in all tissues, but predominantly the liver, and
secondly muscles
explain what linkages are present in glycogen - Answer the main chain is α(1→4), and α(1→6)
linkages are found at branch points
what is the reducing end of a sugar - Answer the end with a free anomeric carbon
does glycogen synthase require NRG - Answer no; it is a synthase
what is special about the reducing end of a sugar - Answer it is the end where sugars are
added or removed
glycogen has 2000 nonreducing ends
with Quality Answers.
Anabolism - Answer Building molecules, requires energy input
Catabolism - Answer Breaking apart molecules, releases energy
Functions of metabolism - Answer 1. To obtain chemical energy in the form of ATP
2. To convert ingested food molecules into building blocks of larger molecules needed
3. To assemble small building blocks into larger stuff
4. To synthesize and degrade specific biomolecules in cells
Amphibolic pathways - Answer Can function anabolically or catabolically, depending on the
energy conditions of the cell
ATP is used for _____ - Answer Mechanical work, active transport, and synthesis of
macromolecules
What is the delta G of a spontaneous reaction - Answer Negative
What is the delta G of a nonspontaneous reaction - Answer Positive
Determining ΔG - Answer ΔG = ΔGº + RT ln (([C][D])/([A][B]))
If Keq < ΔGº' - Answer Reverse reaction is favoured
If Keq > ΔGº' - Answer Forward reaction is favoured
If Keq = ΔGº' - Answer Reaction is at equilibrium
Acidic anahydride bonds - Answer The high energy bonds present in ATP, 2 per molecule
NADPH and NADP+ are used primarily in ______ - Answer Reductive biosynthesis
, 3 ways in which metabolic pathways are regulated - Answer 1. Amount or abundance of
enzyme that catalyzes a regulated step
2. The catalytic activity of an enzyme (allosteric or covalent (hormones and others))
3. Controlling the availability of substrates
Most activated carriers that act as coenzymes are derived from ______, particularly _____ -
Answer Vitamins, the B vitamins
The three stages of energy generation from the oxidation of food - Answer 1. Large molecules
are broken down into smaller units (digestion)
2. Small units are broken down into a few, even simpler, units (mostly Acetyl CoA, and some
ATP)
3. ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of Acetyl CoA
What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions? - Answer Lactate
What happens to pyruvate under aerobic conditions? - Answer Acetyl CoA
describe glycogens structure and function - Answer a highly branched homopolysaccharide of
glucose
it stores glucose when it is plentiful
where is glycogen located in the body - Answer in all tissues, but predominantly the liver, and
secondly muscles
explain what linkages are present in glycogen - Answer the main chain is α(1→4), and α(1→6)
linkages are found at branch points
what is the reducing end of a sugar - Answer the end with a free anomeric carbon
does glycogen synthase require NRG - Answer no; it is a synthase
what is special about the reducing end of a sugar - Answer it is the end where sugars are
added or removed
glycogen has 2000 nonreducing ends
