BMSC 230: Final Exam with All Solved
Solutions 2026 Updated.
What is a glucogenic amino acid? - Answer - amino acids that are catabolized to pyruvate or an
intermediate of the TCA cycle
- can be used for glucose synthesis
What is a ketogenic amino acid? - Answer - amino acids that are catabolized to acetyl CoA or
acetoacetate
- cannot give rise to the net synthesis of glucose but rather lead to the formation of fatty acids,
ketone bodies, or their precursors
Which amino acids are exclusively ketogenic? - Answer - leucine
- lysine
Which amino acids are both ketogenic & glucogenic? - Answer - isoleucine
- phenylalanine
- tryptophane
- tyrosine
- threonine
What amino acids are converted to pyruvate? - Answer - alanine
- cysteine
- serine
- glycine
- threonine
- tryptophan
Enzyme for threonine > glycine - Answer Threonine dehydrogenase
Enzyme for glycine > serine - Answer Serine hydroxymethyl transferase
Enzyme for serine > pyruvate - Answer Serine dehydratase
Enzyme for alanine > pyruvate - Answer Alanine aminotransferase
, Enzyme for glutamate + pyruvate ↔ alanine + a-ketoglutarate - Answer Alanine
aminotransferase (ALT)
Enzyme for glutamate + oxaloacetate ↔ aspartate + a-ketoglutarate - Answer Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST)
How can serine & threonine be directly deaminated to pyruvate + NH4 & a-ketobutyrate + NH4?
- Answer Serine dehydratase & threonine dehydratase
What are the coenzymes for the direct deamination of serine & threonine dehydratase? -
Answer - pyridoxal
- phosphate
- PLP
What two amino acids are converted to oxaloacetate? - Answer - asparagine
- aspartate
Enzyme for asparagine > aspartate - Answer Asparaginase
Enzyme for aspartate > oxaloacetate - Answer Aspartate aminotransferase
What amino acids are converted to a-ketoglutarate? - Answer - glutamate
- glutamine
- arginine
- histidine
- proline
Enzyme for arginine > ornithine - Answer Arginase
What are the byproducts of asparagine > aspartate? - Answer - H2O
- NH4
What are the byproducts of aspartate > oxaloacetate? - Answer - a-ketoglutarate
- glutamate
Solutions 2026 Updated.
What is a glucogenic amino acid? - Answer - amino acids that are catabolized to pyruvate or an
intermediate of the TCA cycle
- can be used for glucose synthesis
What is a ketogenic amino acid? - Answer - amino acids that are catabolized to acetyl CoA or
acetoacetate
- cannot give rise to the net synthesis of glucose but rather lead to the formation of fatty acids,
ketone bodies, or their precursors
Which amino acids are exclusively ketogenic? - Answer - leucine
- lysine
Which amino acids are both ketogenic & glucogenic? - Answer - isoleucine
- phenylalanine
- tryptophane
- tyrosine
- threonine
What amino acids are converted to pyruvate? - Answer - alanine
- cysteine
- serine
- glycine
- threonine
- tryptophan
Enzyme for threonine > glycine - Answer Threonine dehydrogenase
Enzyme for glycine > serine - Answer Serine hydroxymethyl transferase
Enzyme for serine > pyruvate - Answer Serine dehydratase
Enzyme for alanine > pyruvate - Answer Alanine aminotransferase
, Enzyme for glutamate + pyruvate ↔ alanine + a-ketoglutarate - Answer Alanine
aminotransferase (ALT)
Enzyme for glutamate + oxaloacetate ↔ aspartate + a-ketoglutarate - Answer Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST)
How can serine & threonine be directly deaminated to pyruvate + NH4 & a-ketobutyrate + NH4?
- Answer Serine dehydratase & threonine dehydratase
What are the coenzymes for the direct deamination of serine & threonine dehydratase? -
Answer - pyridoxal
- phosphate
- PLP
What two amino acids are converted to oxaloacetate? - Answer - asparagine
- aspartate
Enzyme for asparagine > aspartate - Answer Asparaginase
Enzyme for aspartate > oxaloacetate - Answer Aspartate aminotransferase
What amino acids are converted to a-ketoglutarate? - Answer - glutamate
- glutamine
- arginine
- histidine
- proline
Enzyme for arginine > ornithine - Answer Arginase
What are the byproducts of asparagine > aspartate? - Answer - H2O
- NH4
What are the byproducts of aspartate > oxaloacetate? - Answer - a-ketoglutarate
- glutamate
