PN 4003 REVIEW 2026 UPDATED
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS
COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ multiple sclerosis
Answer: A chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by
damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the brain and spinal
cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination, paresthesia, and
disturbances in vision and speech
◉ multiple sclerosis s/s
Answer: fatigue
depression
cognitive impairment
dysphagia
muscle weakness and spasms
frequent urination
constipation
◉ parkinsons
Answer: A disorder of the central nervous system that affects
movement, often including tremors.
, ◉ parkinsons s/s
Answer: Muscle rigitity, unilateral pill-roll tremor, shuffle, loss of
posture control, drooling or excessive sweating, resistance to passive
muscle stretching, mask like face, dysphagia, decreased motility, GI
and GU, orthostatic hypotension
◉ how can you differentiate: ALS, Huntington disease, MS,
Parkinson's?
Answer: ALS - fatal 3-5 yrs due to resp failure. atrophy and
spasticity.
huntingtons - gradual. 10-20 yrs after symptom onset. Triad of
movement disorder (chorea), dementia, and psychiatric symptoms.
MS - Demyelination-related symptoms with relapsing-remitting
course. Optic neuritis (painful vision loss in one eye) is a big clue.
can be progressive or relapsing. Lhermitte's sign (electric shock
sensation down spine when bending neck). Bladder/bowel
dysfunction, sexual dysfunction.
parkinsons - Bradykinesia + rigidity + resting tremor. Depression,
dementia, autonomic dysfunction (constipation, orthostatic
hypotension). gradual over decades.
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS
COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ multiple sclerosis
Answer: A chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by
damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the brain and spinal
cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination, paresthesia, and
disturbances in vision and speech
◉ multiple sclerosis s/s
Answer: fatigue
depression
cognitive impairment
dysphagia
muscle weakness and spasms
frequent urination
constipation
◉ parkinsons
Answer: A disorder of the central nervous system that affects
movement, often including tremors.
, ◉ parkinsons s/s
Answer: Muscle rigitity, unilateral pill-roll tremor, shuffle, loss of
posture control, drooling or excessive sweating, resistance to passive
muscle stretching, mask like face, dysphagia, decreased motility, GI
and GU, orthostatic hypotension
◉ how can you differentiate: ALS, Huntington disease, MS,
Parkinson's?
Answer: ALS - fatal 3-5 yrs due to resp failure. atrophy and
spasticity.
huntingtons - gradual. 10-20 yrs after symptom onset. Triad of
movement disorder (chorea), dementia, and psychiatric symptoms.
MS - Demyelination-related symptoms with relapsing-remitting
course. Optic neuritis (painful vision loss in one eye) is a big clue.
can be progressive or relapsing. Lhermitte's sign (electric shock
sensation down spine when bending neck). Bladder/bowel
dysfunction, sexual dysfunction.
parkinsons - Bradykinesia + rigidity + resting tremor. Depression,
dementia, autonomic dysfunction (constipation, orthostatic
hypotension). gradual over decades.
