PN 4003 MIDTERM FINAL PAPER 2026
DETAILED QUESTIONS ACCURATE
ANSWERS PREMIUM QUALITY
◉ if co2 increases, what does your body do?
Answer: increases resp rate to remove co2
◉ what is shock?
Answer: A failure of the circulatory system to support vital body
functions. inadequate tissue perfusion.
◉ neurogenic shock
Answer: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation;
seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
◉ hypovolemic shock
Answer: shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
caused by bleeding/hemorrhage, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea,
third-spacing
,◉ cardiogenic shock
Answer: Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
◉ anaphylactic shock
Answer: A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is
introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual.
Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing,
widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden
death.
◉ septic shock
Answer: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial
infection.
◉ stages of shock
Answer: -Compensated
-Decompensated
-Irreversible
◉ what % of blood/fluid loss is hypovolemic shock?
Answer: 15%
, ◉ hypokalemia
Answer: Low potassium levels in the blood.
◉ hypokalemia s/s
Answer: Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI
motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T waves on ECG
◉ which electrolytes relate to osmotic pressure?
Answer: sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and
phosphate
◉ calciums role in the body
Answer: - 99% of calcium in the body is found in solid mineral
deposits in the bones and teeth
- the remaining 1% is found in intracellular fluid, blood and
extracellular fluid
- calcium found in the body's fluid plays a role in nerve transmission,
muscle contractions, blood pressure regulation and the release of
hormones
◉ hypercalcemia s/s
Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria,
Polydipsia, Neurosis, Dysrhythmias,
DETAILED QUESTIONS ACCURATE
ANSWERS PREMIUM QUALITY
◉ if co2 increases, what does your body do?
Answer: increases resp rate to remove co2
◉ what is shock?
Answer: A failure of the circulatory system to support vital body
functions. inadequate tissue perfusion.
◉ neurogenic shock
Answer: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation;
seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
◉ hypovolemic shock
Answer: shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
caused by bleeding/hemorrhage, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea,
third-spacing
,◉ cardiogenic shock
Answer: Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
◉ anaphylactic shock
Answer: A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is
introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual.
Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing,
widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden
death.
◉ septic shock
Answer: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial
infection.
◉ stages of shock
Answer: -Compensated
-Decompensated
-Irreversible
◉ what % of blood/fluid loss is hypovolemic shock?
Answer: 15%
, ◉ hypokalemia
Answer: Low potassium levels in the blood.
◉ hypokalemia s/s
Answer: Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI
motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T waves on ECG
◉ which electrolytes relate to osmotic pressure?
Answer: sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and
phosphate
◉ calciums role in the body
Answer: - 99% of calcium in the body is found in solid mineral
deposits in the bones and teeth
- the remaining 1% is found in intracellular fluid, blood and
extracellular fluid
- calcium found in the body's fluid plays a role in nerve transmission,
muscle contractions, blood pressure regulation and the release of
hormones
◉ hypercalcemia s/s
Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria,
Polydipsia, Neurosis, Dysrhythmias,
