PN 4003 MIDTERM EXAM SCRIPT 2026
FULL SOLUTIONS VERIFIED CORRECT
RESPONSES HIGH SCORING
◉ Hypoventilation, depression of brains respect system, lung
disease, & airway obstruction can cause
Answer: respiratory acidosis
◉ Hyperventilation caused by pain, salicylate poisoning, use of
nicotine, & overstimulation of the respiratory centre can cause
Answer: respiratory alkalosis
◉ diabetes, alcoholism, starvation, hyperthyroidism, heart failure,
pulomary disease, hepatic disease, seizures,
Answer: Metabolic Acidosis
◉ hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, excessive vomiting,
NG suction, Cushing's disease, kidney disease or drugs containing
baking soda
Answer: metabolic alkalosis
◉ Compensatory shock (first stage)
, Answer: anxiety, restlessness, fear
increased breathing & heart rate
◉ Decompensatory shock (second stage)
Answer: mental status continues to deteriorate
breathing becomes rapid & shallow
heartbeat is rapid
skin pale or ashen & cool
nausea & thirst occur
◉ Irreversible shock (third stage)
Answer: victim becomes unresponsive
respiratory & cardiac arrest
◉ causes of hypovolemic shock
Answer: hemorrhage; trauma, GI ulcer, surgery, inadequate clotting
dehydration; vomiting & diarrhea, diuretic therapy, loss of plasma
from burns
◉ septic shock risk factors
Answer: broad spectrum antibiotics
immunosuppressive therapy
FULL SOLUTIONS VERIFIED CORRECT
RESPONSES HIGH SCORING
◉ Hypoventilation, depression of brains respect system, lung
disease, & airway obstruction can cause
Answer: respiratory acidosis
◉ Hyperventilation caused by pain, salicylate poisoning, use of
nicotine, & overstimulation of the respiratory centre can cause
Answer: respiratory alkalosis
◉ diabetes, alcoholism, starvation, hyperthyroidism, heart failure,
pulomary disease, hepatic disease, seizures,
Answer: Metabolic Acidosis
◉ hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, excessive vomiting,
NG suction, Cushing's disease, kidney disease or drugs containing
baking soda
Answer: metabolic alkalosis
◉ Compensatory shock (first stage)
, Answer: anxiety, restlessness, fear
increased breathing & heart rate
◉ Decompensatory shock (second stage)
Answer: mental status continues to deteriorate
breathing becomes rapid & shallow
heartbeat is rapid
skin pale or ashen & cool
nausea & thirst occur
◉ Irreversible shock (third stage)
Answer: victim becomes unresponsive
respiratory & cardiac arrest
◉ causes of hypovolemic shock
Answer: hemorrhage; trauma, GI ulcer, surgery, inadequate clotting
dehydration; vomiting & diarrhea, diuretic therapy, loss of plasma
from burns
◉ septic shock risk factors
Answer: broad spectrum antibiotics
immunosuppressive therapy
