MED-SURG 2 JERSEY COLLEGE
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ PT.
Answer: 9.5-12 seconds
◍ INR.
Answer: 1 but the therapeutic range is 2-3.5
◍ Ch 72: What are signs of cocaine (simulant) overdose?.
Answer: - tachycardia- increased BP- seizures- ventricular dysrhythmias-
hypervigilance
◍ Ch 72: What is opioid (heroin, morphine, tramdol, meperidene, oxycodone,
and fentanyl) overdose associated with?.
Answer: - pupil constriction- decreased BP- stupor- respiratory depression-
seizures
◍ Ch 72: How are inhalants done (for getting high)?.
Answer: - bagging (sniffed from a bag)- dusting (sprayed into the nostrils)-
snorting (inhaled thru nose)- huffing (sniffed from a rag/cloth)
◍ Ch 72: What are priorities for a pt who has overdosed on an inhalant?.
Answer: - airway support- providing O2- monitoring for hypotension-
monitoing ventilation
◍ Ch 72: What can salicylate poisoning cause?.
Answer: - restlessness- deafness- tinnitus- respiratory alkalosis- metabolic
acidosis
,◍ Ch 72: What should you do for a pt who is in an abusive environment?.
Answer: - respect their wishes to stay (if they are competent)- provide
resources and possible alternatives
◍ Hemoglobin.
Answer: men 13-18 women 12-16
◍ Ch 72: What med would be used to reverse the effects of opioids?.
Answer: - naloxalone hydrochloride (Narcan); which is a narcotic antagonist
◍ Ch 73: How do you label pts in a disaster triage?.
Answer: from reverse traige:- red tag (life threatening injuries)- yellow tag
(major injuries)- green tag (minor injuries)- black tag (expect and allowed to
die)
◍ Ch 73: What pts would receive a black tag?.
Answer: - penetrating head injuries- fixed and dilated pupils- high spinal
cord injuries- burns covering >60% if the total BMA- in profound shock-
agonal respirations
◍ Hematocrit.
Answer: men 42-52% women 35%-47%
◍ platelets.
Answer: 150,000-450,00
◍ WBCs.
Answer: 4500-11,000
◍ the three factors that determine the stroke volume?.
Answer: preload, afterload, and contractility
◍ preload.
Answer: the degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle fibers at the
end of diastole. The volume of blood within the ventricles at the end of
diastole determines the preload
◍ afterload.
Answer: resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle, and is the second
, determinant in stroke volume
◍ stroke volume?.
Answer: the amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heart
beat. average is 60-130 ml
◍ cardiac action potential.
Answer: the repeated cycle of depolarization and repolarization
◍ contractility.
Answer: refers to the force generated by the contracting myocardium
◍ the three layers of the heart.
Answer: inner layer-endocardium, the middle layer- myocardium, and the
outer layer-epicardium
◍ pericardium.
Answer: the sac surrounding the heart
◍ genetic connective tissue disorders that impact the cardiovascular system.
Answer: ehlers-danlos syndromeloeys-dietz syndromemarfan syndrome
◍ genetic blood disorders that can impair the function of the cardiovascular
system?.
Answer: Factor V leidenHemochromatosissickle cell disease
◍ pericarditis chest pain.
Answer: sharp, severe substernal or epigastric pain. associated symptoms
include: fever, malaise, dyspnea, cough, nausea, dizziness and palpitations
◍ how to relive pericarditis chest pain.
Answer: sitting uprightanalgesicsanti-inflammatory medications
◍ angina pectoris, ACS chest pain.
Answer: uncomfortable pressure, squeezing or fullness in substernal chest
area. pain can radiate to back, jaw, epigastrium, and shoulder
◍ how to relieve angina.
Answer: rest, nitorglycerin, and oxygen
, ◍ how to relieve ACS (acute coronary syndrome).
Answer: morphine, reperfusion of coronary artery with thrombolytic agent
or percutaneous coronary intervention
◍ Rubor.
Answer: a reddish-blue discoloration of the legs, seen within 20seconds to 2
mins after placing extremity in an dependent position; indicative of PAD
◍ pulse deficit.
Answer: difference between the apical and radial pulse rates
◍ QSEN.
Answer: do not simultaneously palpate both the temporal and carotid
arteries, because it is possible to decrease blood flow to the brain
◍ CVP- central venous pressure.
Answer: is the pressure in the right atrium or the right ventricle at the end of
diastole.
◍ first heart sound S1.
Answer: the tricuspid and mitral valve closes creating the first heart sound
◍ the second heart sound S2.
Answer: closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves
◍ s3 is indicative of?.
Answer: heart failure
◍ murmurs.
Answer: are turbulent flow of blood in the heart
◍ BNP.
Answer: is primarily secreted from the ventricles in response to increased
preload with resulting elevated ventricular pressure
◍ BNP levels are used for prompt diagnosis of what?.
Answer: heart failure
◍ Central venous pressure.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ PT.
Answer: 9.5-12 seconds
◍ INR.
Answer: 1 but the therapeutic range is 2-3.5
◍ Ch 72: What are signs of cocaine (simulant) overdose?.
Answer: - tachycardia- increased BP- seizures- ventricular dysrhythmias-
hypervigilance
◍ Ch 72: What is opioid (heroin, morphine, tramdol, meperidene, oxycodone,
and fentanyl) overdose associated with?.
Answer: - pupil constriction- decreased BP- stupor- respiratory depression-
seizures
◍ Ch 72: How are inhalants done (for getting high)?.
Answer: - bagging (sniffed from a bag)- dusting (sprayed into the nostrils)-
snorting (inhaled thru nose)- huffing (sniffed from a rag/cloth)
◍ Ch 72: What are priorities for a pt who has overdosed on an inhalant?.
Answer: - airway support- providing O2- monitoring for hypotension-
monitoing ventilation
◍ Ch 72: What can salicylate poisoning cause?.
Answer: - restlessness- deafness- tinnitus- respiratory alkalosis- metabolic
acidosis
,◍ Ch 72: What should you do for a pt who is in an abusive environment?.
Answer: - respect their wishes to stay (if they are competent)- provide
resources and possible alternatives
◍ Hemoglobin.
Answer: men 13-18 women 12-16
◍ Ch 72: What med would be used to reverse the effects of opioids?.
Answer: - naloxalone hydrochloride (Narcan); which is a narcotic antagonist
◍ Ch 73: How do you label pts in a disaster triage?.
Answer: from reverse traige:- red tag (life threatening injuries)- yellow tag
(major injuries)- green tag (minor injuries)- black tag (expect and allowed to
die)
◍ Ch 73: What pts would receive a black tag?.
Answer: - penetrating head injuries- fixed and dilated pupils- high spinal
cord injuries- burns covering >60% if the total BMA- in profound shock-
agonal respirations
◍ Hematocrit.
Answer: men 42-52% women 35%-47%
◍ platelets.
Answer: 150,000-450,00
◍ WBCs.
Answer: 4500-11,000
◍ the three factors that determine the stroke volume?.
Answer: preload, afterload, and contractility
◍ preload.
Answer: the degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle fibers at the
end of diastole. The volume of blood within the ventricles at the end of
diastole determines the preload
◍ afterload.
Answer: resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle, and is the second
, determinant in stroke volume
◍ stroke volume?.
Answer: the amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heart
beat. average is 60-130 ml
◍ cardiac action potential.
Answer: the repeated cycle of depolarization and repolarization
◍ contractility.
Answer: refers to the force generated by the contracting myocardium
◍ the three layers of the heart.
Answer: inner layer-endocardium, the middle layer- myocardium, and the
outer layer-epicardium
◍ pericardium.
Answer: the sac surrounding the heart
◍ genetic connective tissue disorders that impact the cardiovascular system.
Answer: ehlers-danlos syndromeloeys-dietz syndromemarfan syndrome
◍ genetic blood disorders that can impair the function of the cardiovascular
system?.
Answer: Factor V leidenHemochromatosissickle cell disease
◍ pericarditis chest pain.
Answer: sharp, severe substernal or epigastric pain. associated symptoms
include: fever, malaise, dyspnea, cough, nausea, dizziness and palpitations
◍ how to relive pericarditis chest pain.
Answer: sitting uprightanalgesicsanti-inflammatory medications
◍ angina pectoris, ACS chest pain.
Answer: uncomfortable pressure, squeezing or fullness in substernal chest
area. pain can radiate to back, jaw, epigastrium, and shoulder
◍ how to relieve angina.
Answer: rest, nitorglycerin, and oxygen
, ◍ how to relieve ACS (acute coronary syndrome).
Answer: morphine, reperfusion of coronary artery with thrombolytic agent
or percutaneous coronary intervention
◍ Rubor.
Answer: a reddish-blue discoloration of the legs, seen within 20seconds to 2
mins after placing extremity in an dependent position; indicative of PAD
◍ pulse deficit.
Answer: difference between the apical and radial pulse rates
◍ QSEN.
Answer: do not simultaneously palpate both the temporal and carotid
arteries, because it is possible to decrease blood flow to the brain
◍ CVP- central venous pressure.
Answer: is the pressure in the right atrium or the right ventricle at the end of
diastole.
◍ first heart sound S1.
Answer: the tricuspid and mitral valve closes creating the first heart sound
◍ the second heart sound S2.
Answer: closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves
◍ s3 is indicative of?.
Answer: heart failure
◍ murmurs.
Answer: are turbulent flow of blood in the heart
◍ BNP.
Answer: is primarily secreted from the ventricles in response to increased
preload with resulting elevated ventricular pressure
◍ BNP levels are used for prompt diagnosis of what?.
Answer: heart failure
◍ Central venous pressure.
