HESI_LPN_FUNDAMENTALS_2_EXAM_BASIC_NURSING_CARE_AND_PROCEDURES_BREAKDOWN

HESI LPN FUNDAMENTALS 2 EXAM BASIC
NURSING CARE AND PROCEDURES
BREAKDOWN 2026

◉ What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ? Answer: malleus,
incus, stapes


◉ How many bones make the skeletal column? Answer: 33 bones


◉ How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? Answer: 7


◉ How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? Answer: 12


◉ How many lumbar vertebrae? Answer: 5


◉ How many sacral vertebrae? Answer: 5


◉ How many coccygeal vertebrae? Answer: 1-the tailbone


◉ What makes up the final part of the axial skeleton? Answer: the
thorax
the sternum

,12 pairs of ribs.


◉ What makes up the appendicular skeleton? Answer: the bones of
the girdle and limbs


◉ What bones make the upper appendicular skeleton? Answer:
pectoral & shoulder girdle
clavicle
scapula
upper extremities


◉ What are the bones of the arm? Answer: Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (hand bones)
phalanges (finger bones)


◉ What bones make the lower part of the appendicular skeleton?
Answer: The pelvic girdle or os coxae


◉ What bones make the os coxae? Answer: fused ilium

, ischium
pubis


◉ What bones make up the lower extremities? Answer: femur
tibia
fibula
tarsals (ankle bones)
metatarsals (foot bones)
phalanges (toe bones)


◉ How do muscles make movement? Answer: Contraction in
response to nervous stimulation.


◉ What occurs in muscle fibers during contraction? Answer: Myosin
& actin filaments slide together.


◉ What structures make up muscle cells? Answer: Myofibrils made
up of sarcomeres.


◉ What must be present for a muscle cell to contract? Answer:
Calcium and ATP