NSG 6020 midterm | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: The Head
Answer: Skull is a rigid bony box which house & protects the brain & special sense organs 14 facial bones
Cranium is supported by cervical vertebrae C1 is the atlas C2 is the axis C7 vertebra: vertebre prominents
Human face appearances & expressions ("the mood tellers") are formed by facial muscles which are mediated
by CN VII (facial nerve) Facial sensations of pain or touch are mediated by the 3 sensory branches of CN V
(trigeminal nerve)
Question: Cranial bones
Answer: walls of the skull): frontal, parietal, occipital, & temporal Adjacent cranial bones unite at meshed
immovable joints named "sutures"
Question: Coronal suture
Answer: crown" from ear to ear at the union of frontal & parietal bones
Question: Sagittal suture
Answer: separates the head lengthwise between the 2 parietal bones
Question: Lambdoid suture
Answer: separates parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone
Question: confluence points of the cranial sutures
Answer: form the anterior, posterior, anterolateral (sphenoid), and posterolateral (mastoid) fontanelles
Question: The fontanelles
Answer: close sequentially and the sutures function as growth centers.
Question: metopic suture
Answer: fuses by 8 months of age in nearly all children. The remaining sutures fuse late in life.
Question: Virchow's law
Answer: states that premature suture fusion results in compensatory skull growth parallel to the fused suture
and a decreased growth perpendicular to the suture.
Question: Headaches(Primary)
Answer: Migraine Tension Cluster
Question: Headache(secondary)
Answer: Analgesic rebound From eye disorders From sinusitis Meningitis Intracranial process: increased ICP,
tumor, GCA, subarachnoid hemorrhage Post concussion Cranial neuralgias
, Question: Headache warning signs
Answer: Progressively frequent or severe over a 3-month period Sudden onset like a "thunderclap" or "the
worst headache of my life" New onset after age 50 y/o Aggravated or relieved by change in position
Precipitated by Valsalva maneuver Associated symptoms of fever, night sweats, or weight loss Presence of
cancer, HIV infection, or pregnancy Recent head trauma Associated papilledema, neck stiffness, or focal
neurologic deficits
Question: Head complaints
Answer: Headache, change in vision (hyperopia, presbyopia, myopia, scotomas), diplopia, hearing loss,
earache, tinnitus, vertigo, epistaxis, hoarseness, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes 7 glands, and goiter
Question: Head inspection
Answer: Skull: Size, contour Scalp: Scaling, nevi Hair: Distribution, quantity Face: Expression, contours Skin:
color, pigmentation, hair distribution, lesions
Question: Head palpation
Answer: Skull: Lumps Scalp: Pest inhabitants Hair: Texture Face: Sinuses Skin: Texture, temperature INFANTS:
Fontanels - anterior closes ~7-19 months; posterior closes ~8 weeks
Question: PHACE syndrome
Answer: association between infantile hemangioma and malformation of eyes, heart, major arteries, and brain.
PHACE 1st defined by Dr. Freidan in 1996. The acronym PHACE stands for: Posterior fossa brain malformations
Hemangiomas, particularly large, segmental facial lesions Arterial anomalies Cardiac (heart) anomalies and
coarctation of the aorta Eye abnormalities and Endocrine abnormalities
Question: Abnormal head shape causes
Answer: Causes of abnormal head shape in infants results from pressure on the malleable bones in the
newborn skull; or persistent gravitational forces on the occiput when an infant is kept in supine position for
prolonged periods (AKA positional deformational plagiocephaly); or premature fusing of one or more of the
cranial sutures (craniosynostosis). Craniosynostosis is by far the rarest of these 3 etiologies. Head shape
abnormalities caused by molding usually disappear within the first few weeks of life. Those that persist beyond
this time or become apparent later require a thorough workup that includes a medical and family history,
various skull measurements, checking for torticollis, and careful palpation of the head and neck. Skull
radiographs can rule out craniosynostosis in infants with pronounced shape abnormalities. Deformational
plagiocephaly is usually treated with repositioning therapy or, in more severe or persistent cases, helmet
therapy. To prevent this disorder, advise parents to provide their child with at least 5 minutes of "tummy time"
daily. Severe cases of craniosynostosis accompanied by associated deformities requires surgical correction.
Question: Eye inspection
Answer: Position & alignment Eyebrows: quantity, distribution Lacrimal apparatus Lacrimal gland & sac for
swelling Increased lacrimation Excessive tearing may be from increased tear production or impaired drainage
Question: Lids & conjunctiva Eyelids
Answer: Width palpebral fissures Edema Color: erythema Lesions Condition & direction of eyelashes Adequacy
of closed eyelids Ability of lid to move
Question: Ectropion
Answer: Eyelid droops away from the eye disrupting draining process which may trigger: erythema, irritation,
watering of the eye, grit feeling in the eye, c/o mucous D/C & crusting of eyelids Ectropion lower eyelid
turns/droops outwards
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: The Head
Answer: Skull is a rigid bony box which house & protects the brain & special sense organs 14 facial bones
Cranium is supported by cervical vertebrae C1 is the atlas C2 is the axis C7 vertebra: vertebre prominents
Human face appearances & expressions ("the mood tellers") are formed by facial muscles which are mediated
by CN VII (facial nerve) Facial sensations of pain or touch are mediated by the 3 sensory branches of CN V
(trigeminal nerve)
Question: Cranial bones
Answer: walls of the skull): frontal, parietal, occipital, & temporal Adjacent cranial bones unite at meshed
immovable joints named "sutures"
Question: Coronal suture
Answer: crown" from ear to ear at the union of frontal & parietal bones
Question: Sagittal suture
Answer: separates the head lengthwise between the 2 parietal bones
Question: Lambdoid suture
Answer: separates parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone
Question: confluence points of the cranial sutures
Answer: form the anterior, posterior, anterolateral (sphenoid), and posterolateral (mastoid) fontanelles
Question: The fontanelles
Answer: close sequentially and the sutures function as growth centers.
Question: metopic suture
Answer: fuses by 8 months of age in nearly all children. The remaining sutures fuse late in life.
Question: Virchow's law
Answer: states that premature suture fusion results in compensatory skull growth parallel to the fused suture
and a decreased growth perpendicular to the suture.
Question: Headaches(Primary)
Answer: Migraine Tension Cluster
Question: Headache(secondary)
Answer: Analgesic rebound From eye disorders From sinusitis Meningitis Intracranial process: increased ICP,
tumor, GCA, subarachnoid hemorrhage Post concussion Cranial neuralgias
, Question: Headache warning signs
Answer: Progressively frequent or severe over a 3-month period Sudden onset like a "thunderclap" or "the
worst headache of my life" New onset after age 50 y/o Aggravated or relieved by change in position
Precipitated by Valsalva maneuver Associated symptoms of fever, night sweats, or weight loss Presence of
cancer, HIV infection, or pregnancy Recent head trauma Associated papilledema, neck stiffness, or focal
neurologic deficits
Question: Head complaints
Answer: Headache, change in vision (hyperopia, presbyopia, myopia, scotomas), diplopia, hearing loss,
earache, tinnitus, vertigo, epistaxis, hoarseness, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes 7 glands, and goiter
Question: Head inspection
Answer: Skull: Size, contour Scalp: Scaling, nevi Hair: Distribution, quantity Face: Expression, contours Skin:
color, pigmentation, hair distribution, lesions
Question: Head palpation
Answer: Skull: Lumps Scalp: Pest inhabitants Hair: Texture Face: Sinuses Skin: Texture, temperature INFANTS:
Fontanels - anterior closes ~7-19 months; posterior closes ~8 weeks
Question: PHACE syndrome
Answer: association between infantile hemangioma and malformation of eyes, heart, major arteries, and brain.
PHACE 1st defined by Dr. Freidan in 1996. The acronym PHACE stands for: Posterior fossa brain malformations
Hemangiomas, particularly large, segmental facial lesions Arterial anomalies Cardiac (heart) anomalies and
coarctation of the aorta Eye abnormalities and Endocrine abnormalities
Question: Abnormal head shape causes
Answer: Causes of abnormal head shape in infants results from pressure on the malleable bones in the
newborn skull; or persistent gravitational forces on the occiput when an infant is kept in supine position for
prolonged periods (AKA positional deformational plagiocephaly); or premature fusing of one or more of the
cranial sutures (craniosynostosis). Craniosynostosis is by far the rarest of these 3 etiologies. Head shape
abnormalities caused by molding usually disappear within the first few weeks of life. Those that persist beyond
this time or become apparent later require a thorough workup that includes a medical and family history,
various skull measurements, checking for torticollis, and careful palpation of the head and neck. Skull
radiographs can rule out craniosynostosis in infants with pronounced shape abnormalities. Deformational
plagiocephaly is usually treated with repositioning therapy or, in more severe or persistent cases, helmet
therapy. To prevent this disorder, advise parents to provide their child with at least 5 minutes of "tummy time"
daily. Severe cases of craniosynostosis accompanied by associated deformities requires surgical correction.
Question: Eye inspection
Answer: Position & alignment Eyebrows: quantity, distribution Lacrimal apparatus Lacrimal gland & sac for
swelling Increased lacrimation Excessive tearing may be from increased tear production or impaired drainage
Question: Lids & conjunctiva Eyelids
Answer: Width palpebral fissures Edema Color: erythema Lesions Condition & direction of eyelashes Adequacy
of closed eyelids Ability of lid to move
Question: Ectropion
Answer: Eyelid droops away from the eye disrupting draining process which may trigger: erythema, irritation,
watering of the eye, grit feeling in the eye, c/o mucous D/C & crusting of eyelids Ectropion lower eyelid
turns/droops outwards
