TEST BANK: COMPLETE EXAMINATION
Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
Chapters 1-43: Complete Test Bank with ANSWER✔s and
Rationales 2026
CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a
A) community.
B) ecosystem.
C) family.
D) population.
E) biosphere.
ANSWER✔: D
Rationale: A population consists of all individuals of the same species living in a specific geographic area
at a given time. Option A (community) includes multiple species, not just one. Option B (ecosystem)
includes both living and nonliving components. Option C (family) is a taxonomic rank above genus or a
social unit, not a population definition. Option E (biosphere) encompasses all ecosystems on Earth.
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant
chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
,C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
ANSWER✔: C
Rationale: Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules.
Option A (motion energy) is mechanical energy, not produced by chloroplasts. Option B (carbon dioxide
and water) are reactants, not products of energy conversion. Option D (oxygen) is a byproduct but not
the form of energy produced. Option E (kinetic energy) is energy of movement, not the primary product
of photosynthesis.
3) The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
ANSWER✔: A
Rationale: Producers (autotrophs) use light energy from the sun to synthesize organic compounds.
Option B (kinetic energy) is not a source for producers. Option C (thermal energy) cannot be directly
used by producers. Option D (chemical energy) is the product, not the source. Option E (ATP) is
produced by producers, not used as their primary energy source.
4) All of the living things on Earth along with all of the places where life exists is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
,C) a biological community.
D) a population.
E) a biome.
ANSWER✔: B
Rationale: The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, encompassing all living organisms and the
environments where life exists. Option A (ecosystem) is smaller in scale. Option C (community) excludes
nonliving components. Option D (population) refers to a single species. Option E (biome) is a large
region with similar climate and organisms.
5) All of the living things in a particular area along with all of the nonliving aspects of the environment
with which organisms interact is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
C) a biological community.
D) a population.
E) a habitat.
ANSWER✔: A
Rationale: An ecosystem includes all living organisms (biotic factors) and nonliving components (abiotic
factors) in a specific area. Option B (biosphere) is global in scale. Option C (community) includes only
living organisms. Option D (population) refers to a single species. Option E (habitat) is where an
organism lives, not including all interactions.
6) Which of the following is NOT a property of life?
A) Energy processing
B) Evolutionary adaptation
, C) Growth and development
D) Homeostasis
E) Spontaneous generation
ANSWER✔: E
Rationale: Spontaneous generation is the disproven idea that life can arise from nonliving matter.
Options A-D are all recognized properties of life: energy processing (metabolism), evolutionary
adaptation, growth and development, and maintaining internal balance (homeostasis).
7) The process by which organisms with favorable variations survive and reproduce more than those
without such variations is called
A) natural selection.
B) artificial selection.
C) evolution.
D) adaptation.
E) genetic drift.
ANSWER✔: A
Rationale: Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on heritable
variations. Option B (artificial selection) involves human intervention. Option C (evolution) is the
broader process of change over time. Option D (adaptation) is a trait that helps survival. Option E
(genetic drift) is random change in allele frequencies.
8) The smallest unit of biological organization that can evolve is
A) an individual organism.
B) a population.
C) a species.
Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd AP® Edition (Urry, 2017)
Chapters 1-43: Complete Test Bank with ANSWER✔s and
Rationales 2026
CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a
A) community.
B) ecosystem.
C) family.
D) population.
E) biosphere.
ANSWER✔: D
Rationale: A population consists of all individuals of the same species living in a specific geographic area
at a given time. Option A (community) includes multiple species, not just one. Option B (ecosystem)
includes both living and nonliving components. Option C (family) is a taxonomic rank above genus or a
social unit, not a population definition. Option E (biosphere) encompasses all ecosystems on Earth.
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant
chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
,C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
ANSWER✔: C
Rationale: Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules.
Option A (motion energy) is mechanical energy, not produced by chloroplasts. Option B (carbon dioxide
and water) are reactants, not products of energy conversion. Option D (oxygen) is a byproduct but not
the form of energy produced. Option E (kinetic energy) is energy of movement, not the primary product
of photosynthesis.
3) The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
ANSWER✔: A
Rationale: Producers (autotrophs) use light energy from the sun to synthesize organic compounds.
Option B (kinetic energy) is not a source for producers. Option C (thermal energy) cannot be directly
used by producers. Option D (chemical energy) is the product, not the source. Option E (ATP) is
produced by producers, not used as their primary energy source.
4) All of the living things on Earth along with all of the places where life exists is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
,C) a biological community.
D) a population.
E) a biome.
ANSWER✔: B
Rationale: The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, encompassing all living organisms and the
environments where life exists. Option A (ecosystem) is smaller in scale. Option C (community) excludes
nonliving components. Option D (population) refers to a single species. Option E (biome) is a large
region with similar climate and organisms.
5) All of the living things in a particular area along with all of the nonliving aspects of the environment
with which organisms interact is known as
A) an ecosystem.
B) the biosphere.
C) a biological community.
D) a population.
E) a habitat.
ANSWER✔: A
Rationale: An ecosystem includes all living organisms (biotic factors) and nonliving components (abiotic
factors) in a specific area. Option B (biosphere) is global in scale. Option C (community) includes only
living organisms. Option D (population) refers to a single species. Option E (habitat) is where an
organism lives, not including all interactions.
6) Which of the following is NOT a property of life?
A) Energy processing
B) Evolutionary adaptation
, C) Growth and development
D) Homeostasis
E) Spontaneous generation
ANSWER✔: E
Rationale: Spontaneous generation is the disproven idea that life can arise from nonliving matter.
Options A-D are all recognized properties of life: energy processing (metabolism), evolutionary
adaptation, growth and development, and maintaining internal balance (homeostasis).
7) The process by which organisms with favorable variations survive and reproduce more than those
without such variations is called
A) natural selection.
B) artificial selection.
C) evolution.
D) adaptation.
E) genetic drift.
ANSWER✔: A
Rationale: Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on heritable
variations. Option B (artificial selection) involves human intervention. Option C (evolution) is the
broader process of change over time. Option D (adaptation) is a trait that helps survival. Option E
(genetic drift) is random change in allele frequencies.
8) The smallest unit of biological organization that can evolve is
A) an individual organism.
B) a population.
C) a species.
