NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - 300
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
AND RATIONALES
EXAM 1: Cellular Biology, Genetics, Inflammation & Immunity
Questions 1-75
**Question 1**
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A) Cells can produce proteins
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients
D) Cells can synthesize fats
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Metabolic absorption is the cellular function by which cells take in
and use nutrients for energy and growth. This is a fundamental function of all
cells, enabling them to acquire the materials needed for metabolism, growth, and
,repair. Protein production occurs through protein synthesis, secretion involves
exocytosis, and fat synthesis is a specialized metabolic process.
**Question 2**
Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in which
structure
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus and contains
most of the cell's genetic information, including both RNA and DNA. The nucleolus
is responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly. Mitochondria
contain their own DNA but only a small amount, ribosomes are sites of protein
synthesis, and lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.
**Question 3**
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
,C) Ribosomes
D) Oxyhydrosomes
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Peroxisomes are small organelles that contain oxidative enzymes
and produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) through oxidation reactions. They use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates, producing H₂O₂ which
is then broken down by catalase. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, ribosomes
synthesize proteins, and oxyhydrosomes are not actual cellular structures.
**Question 4**
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
**Correct Answer: D**
**Rationale:** Lysosomes contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes capable of
digesting cellular components. When released during cell injury, these enzymes
can cause autodigestion (autolysis) of the cell. This process contributes to tissue
, necrosis and inflammation following cellular damage. Ribosomes synthesize
proteins, the Golgi complex packages proteins, and smooth ER synthesizes lipids.
**Question 5**
What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
pancreatic cells from initial transcription to release from the cell?
A) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane
B) The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell membrane
C) The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane
D) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Protein synthesis follows a specific sequence: DNA is transcribed
to mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA moves to the ribosome (rough ER) where
translation occurs, and the protein is transported in secretory vesicles to the cell
membrane for release via exocytosis. The Golgi complex modifies proteins but is
not the site of synthesis.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
AND RATIONALES
EXAM 1: Cellular Biology, Genetics, Inflammation & Immunity
Questions 1-75
**Question 1**
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A) Cells can produce proteins
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients
D) Cells can synthesize fats
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Metabolic absorption is the cellular function by which cells take in
and use nutrients for energy and growth. This is a fundamental function of all
cells, enabling them to acquire the materials needed for metabolism, growth, and
,repair. Protein production occurs through protein synthesis, secretion involves
exocytosis, and fat synthesis is a specialized metabolic process.
**Question 2**
Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in which
structure
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus and contains
most of the cell's genetic information, including both RNA and DNA. The nucleolus
is responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly. Mitochondria
contain their own DNA but only a small amount, ribosomes are sites of protein
synthesis, and lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.
**Question 3**
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
,C) Ribosomes
D) Oxyhydrosomes
**Correct Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Peroxisomes are small organelles that contain oxidative enzymes
and produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) through oxidation reactions. They use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates, producing H₂O₂ which
is then broken down by catalase. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, ribosomes
synthesize proteins, and oxyhydrosomes are not actual cellular structures.
**Question 4**
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
**Correct Answer: D**
**Rationale:** Lysosomes contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes capable of
digesting cellular components. When released during cell injury, these enzymes
can cause autodigestion (autolysis) of the cell. This process contributes to tissue
, necrosis and inflammation following cellular damage. Ribosomes synthesize
proteins, the Golgi complex packages proteins, and smooth ER synthesizes lipids.
**Question 5**
What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
pancreatic cells from initial transcription to release from the cell?
A) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane
B) The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell membrane
C) The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane
D) The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** Protein synthesis follows a specific sequence: DNA is transcribed
to mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA moves to the ribosome (rough ER) where
translation occurs, and the protein is transported in secretory vesicles to the cell
membrane for release via exocytosis. The Golgi complex modifies proteins but is
not the site of synthesis.
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