GLST 290 FINAL EXAM DR CHANG
Final Examination Questions & Answers with Verified Solutions
2026/2027
1. In Dr. Chang's global governance framework, how is the structural role of the nation-
state evaluated under contemporary economic globalization?
A. The state has become completely obsolete as supranational corporations dictate all
domestic legislation
B. The state is transformed and reconfigured, serving as a key facilitator of market
integration while retaining legal sovereignty
C. The state has expanded its welfare apparatus to fully insulate citizens from global price
volatility
D. The state has been legally replaced by United Nations administrative councils
Rationale: Dr. Chang stresses that globalization does not cause the death of the state; rather, states
adapt their legal frameworks to facilitate global capital while remaining the primary unit of international
law.
2. Which development theory reviewed in Dr. Chang's lectures posits that core
industrialized nations actively underdevelop peripheral nations through structural trade
dependencies?
A. Modernization Theory
B. Neoclassical Growth Theory
C. Dependency Theory
D. Comparative Advantage Theory
Rationale: Dependency theory argues that resources flow from a periphery of poor states to a core of
wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.
3. According to Dr. Chang's analysis of international financial institutions, what primary
policy mechanism did the Washington Consensus mandate for developing nations
seeking IMF loans?
A. Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) requiring fiscal austerity, privatization, and
trade deregulation
, B. Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) subsidized by state tariffs
C. Universal debt forgiveness paired with state-led wealth redistribution
D. Mandated nationalization of key energy and agricultural sectors
Rationale: The Washington Consensus enforced SAPs through the IMF and World Bank, conditioning
loans on market deregulation, privatization of state assets, and reduced public spending.
4. In the context of global civil society, what term does Dr. Chang use to describe
transnational networks of activists, NGOs, and movements advocating for universal
rights across borders?
A. Intergovernmental oligarchies
B. Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs)
C. Supranational trade blocs
D. Sovereign wealth cartels
Rationale: Transnational Advocacy Networks unite non-state actors globally around shared values and
principled ideas to pressure governments and international organizations.
5. What primary contradiction does Dr. Chang highlight regarding global supply chains in
the neoliberal era?
A. High shipping costs prevent Western brands from outsourcing manufacturing
B. Capital and goods move freely across borders, while human labor is strictly
regulated and restricted by national immigration policies
C. Emerging economies are legally prohibited from exporting manufactured goods
D. Multinational corporations are subject to international taxation rates enforced by the UN
Rationale: Dr. Chang highlights the structural asymmetry where global capital enjoys borderless mobility,
yet human labor remains tightly contained by border enforcement.
6. How does Dr. Chang define "cultural glocalization"?
A. The process by which global cultural flows are interpreted, adapted, and modified
by local communities
B. The total destruction of indigenous languages by global social media platforms
C. The imposition of uniform Western consumer habits without local variation
D. The isolation of national media outlets from international internet infrastructure
Rationale: Glocalization reflects local agency—communities absorb global media, technology, or goods
and reshape them to fit local cultural values.
Final Examination Questions & Answers with Verified Solutions
2026/2027
1. In Dr. Chang's global governance framework, how is the structural role of the nation-
state evaluated under contemporary economic globalization?
A. The state has become completely obsolete as supranational corporations dictate all
domestic legislation
B. The state is transformed and reconfigured, serving as a key facilitator of market
integration while retaining legal sovereignty
C. The state has expanded its welfare apparatus to fully insulate citizens from global price
volatility
D. The state has been legally replaced by United Nations administrative councils
Rationale: Dr. Chang stresses that globalization does not cause the death of the state; rather, states
adapt their legal frameworks to facilitate global capital while remaining the primary unit of international
law.
2. Which development theory reviewed in Dr. Chang's lectures posits that core
industrialized nations actively underdevelop peripheral nations through structural trade
dependencies?
A. Modernization Theory
B. Neoclassical Growth Theory
C. Dependency Theory
D. Comparative Advantage Theory
Rationale: Dependency theory argues that resources flow from a periphery of poor states to a core of
wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.
3. According to Dr. Chang's analysis of international financial institutions, what primary
policy mechanism did the Washington Consensus mandate for developing nations
seeking IMF loans?
A. Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) requiring fiscal austerity, privatization, and
trade deregulation
, B. Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) subsidized by state tariffs
C. Universal debt forgiveness paired with state-led wealth redistribution
D. Mandated nationalization of key energy and agricultural sectors
Rationale: The Washington Consensus enforced SAPs through the IMF and World Bank, conditioning
loans on market deregulation, privatization of state assets, and reduced public spending.
4. In the context of global civil society, what term does Dr. Chang use to describe
transnational networks of activists, NGOs, and movements advocating for universal
rights across borders?
A. Intergovernmental oligarchies
B. Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs)
C. Supranational trade blocs
D. Sovereign wealth cartels
Rationale: Transnational Advocacy Networks unite non-state actors globally around shared values and
principled ideas to pressure governments and international organizations.
5. What primary contradiction does Dr. Chang highlight regarding global supply chains in
the neoliberal era?
A. High shipping costs prevent Western brands from outsourcing manufacturing
B. Capital and goods move freely across borders, while human labor is strictly
regulated and restricted by national immigration policies
C. Emerging economies are legally prohibited from exporting manufactured goods
D. Multinational corporations are subject to international taxation rates enforced by the UN
Rationale: Dr. Chang highlights the structural asymmetry where global capital enjoys borderless mobility,
yet human labor remains tightly contained by border enforcement.
6. How does Dr. Chang define "cultural glocalization"?
A. The process by which global cultural flows are interpreted, adapted, and modified
by local communities
B. The total destruction of indigenous languages by global social media platforms
C. The imposition of uniform Western consumer habits without local variation
D. The isolation of national media outlets from international internet infrastructure
Rationale: Glocalization reflects local agency—communities absorb global media, technology, or goods
and reshape them to fit local cultural values.
