EENT Advanced Pathophysiology 2026–2027 Complete Exam Material
(ATI Review Material, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Disorders, Sensory
System Diseases) Advanced Nursing Graded A+
Introduction
This document contains EENT (Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat) advanced
pathophysiology exam-preparation material in a practice-question-
and-answer format. It covers sensory-system disorders including
glaucoma, hearing loss, otitis media and externa, allergic rhinitis,
epistaxis, conjunctival and lacrimal disorders, tonsillitis,
epiglottitis, mastoiditis, and common ocular conditions.
The guide includes verified answer explanations and high-yield
distinctions such as open-angle glaucoma, conductive versus
sensorineural hearing loss, Kiesselbach's plexus, macular
degeneration, and allergic responses.
Exam Questions and Answers
Which form of glaucoma is characterized by a slow rise in
intraocular pressure?
A. Congenital
B. Open-angle
C. Angle-closure
D. Partial-angle --- correct precise answer ---Open-angle
(aka chronic glaucoma) causes a slow rise in intraocular pressure
Light that is focused behind the retina causes the visual disturbance
known as:
,A. hyperopia.
B. astigmatism.
C. myopia.
D. presbyopia. --- correct precise answer ---hyperopia.
This is a normal finding in young children less than 6.
Subjective tinnitus is thought to be caused by:
A. increased turbulence through hair follicles.
B. muscle spasms of the stapedius.
C. abnormal neuronal activity.
D. turbulent flow in blood vessels. --- correct precise answer ---
abnormal neuronal activity.
Subjective tinnitus is only heard by the patient; subjective tinnitus
is commonly associated with sensorineural hearing loss (e.g.,
presbycusis) and is the result of a disruption of sound along the
normal auditory pathway (cochlea, auditory nerve, brain stem
nuclei, auditory pathway)
When objective tinnitus is present, the sound the patient hears is
also heard by the examiner. The noise in objective tinnitus is actual
noise generated near the middle ear. This noise may be generated
by turbulent blood flow (e.g., atherosclerosis in the carotid artery)
or muscle spasms in the middle ear that may generate a clicking
noise.
Thrush is most commonly caused by:
, A. Aspergillus flavus.
B. Candida albicans.
C. Cryptococcus neoformans.
D. Magnaporthe grisea. --- correct precise answer ---Candida
albicans.
Viral rhinitis is typically transmitted to the paranasal sinuses
through:
A. nose blowing.
B. sniffling.
C. coughing.
D. sneezing. --- correct precise answer ---nose blowing.
Complications of acute otitis media can include:
A. presbycusis.
B. mastoiditis.
C. tympanic membrane rupture.
D. otitis externa. --- correct precise answer ---mastoiditis.
Acute mastoiditis is a possible complication of acute otitis media
(AOM). The middle ear cavity and mastoid air spaces are
continuous. During an episode of AOM, the mucosa lining the
middle ear becomes inflamed; the inner ear mucosa may also
become inflamed.
(ATI Review Material, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Disorders, Sensory
System Diseases) Advanced Nursing Graded A+
Introduction
This document contains EENT (Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat) advanced
pathophysiology exam-preparation material in a practice-question-
and-answer format. It covers sensory-system disorders including
glaucoma, hearing loss, otitis media and externa, allergic rhinitis,
epistaxis, conjunctival and lacrimal disorders, tonsillitis,
epiglottitis, mastoiditis, and common ocular conditions.
The guide includes verified answer explanations and high-yield
distinctions such as open-angle glaucoma, conductive versus
sensorineural hearing loss, Kiesselbach's plexus, macular
degeneration, and allergic responses.
Exam Questions and Answers
Which form of glaucoma is characterized by a slow rise in
intraocular pressure?
A. Congenital
B. Open-angle
C. Angle-closure
D. Partial-angle --- correct precise answer ---Open-angle
(aka chronic glaucoma) causes a slow rise in intraocular pressure
Light that is focused behind the retina causes the visual disturbance
known as:
,A. hyperopia.
B. astigmatism.
C. myopia.
D. presbyopia. --- correct precise answer ---hyperopia.
This is a normal finding in young children less than 6.
Subjective tinnitus is thought to be caused by:
A. increased turbulence through hair follicles.
B. muscle spasms of the stapedius.
C. abnormal neuronal activity.
D. turbulent flow in blood vessels. --- correct precise answer ---
abnormal neuronal activity.
Subjective tinnitus is only heard by the patient; subjective tinnitus
is commonly associated with sensorineural hearing loss (e.g.,
presbycusis) and is the result of a disruption of sound along the
normal auditory pathway (cochlea, auditory nerve, brain stem
nuclei, auditory pathway)
When objective tinnitus is present, the sound the patient hears is
also heard by the examiner. The noise in objective tinnitus is actual
noise generated near the middle ear. This noise may be generated
by turbulent blood flow (e.g., atherosclerosis in the carotid artery)
or muscle spasms in the middle ear that may generate a clicking
noise.
Thrush is most commonly caused by:
, A. Aspergillus flavus.
B. Candida albicans.
C. Cryptococcus neoformans.
D. Magnaporthe grisea. --- correct precise answer ---Candida
albicans.
Viral rhinitis is typically transmitted to the paranasal sinuses
through:
A. nose blowing.
B. sniffling.
C. coughing.
D. sneezing. --- correct precise answer ---nose blowing.
Complications of acute otitis media can include:
A. presbycusis.
B. mastoiditis.
C. tympanic membrane rupture.
D. otitis externa. --- correct precise answer ---mastoiditis.
Acute mastoiditis is a possible complication of acute otitis media
(AOM). The middle ear cavity and mastoid air spaces are
continuous. During an episode of AOM, the mucosa lining the
middle ear becomes inflamed; the inner ear mucosa may also
become inflamed.
