IVY TECH APHY 101 FINAL EXAM NEWEST VERSION 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+.
QUESTION 1
Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still
allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the
membrane?
CORRECT ANS: Phospholipid bilayer.
Expert Rationale
The phospholipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of the cell
membrane, providing both stability and fluidity. The phospholipid molecules have
hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. The bilayer's fluid nature is primarily due to the
hydrophobic interactions between the tails, which allow the molecules to move laterally,
giving the membrane its flexibility. This fluidity is essential for membrane protein
function, vesicle formation, and cell division. While proteins and cholesterol also
contribute to membrane properties, the phospholipid bilayer is the main component
responsible for the membrane's flexible and dynamic nature.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Cell Membrane Structure
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 2
A mutation can cause disease if:
CORRECT ANS: The DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for
another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning.
Expert Rationale
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Not all mutations cause disease; some are
silent (no change in amino acid), some are neutral (change in amino acid but no effect
,on protein function), and some are beneficial. A mutation causes disease when it results
in a significant alteration to the protein's structure and function. A single amino acid
substitution can disrupt the protein's folding, active site, or interactions with other
molecules, leading to a loss of function or gain of harmful function. This is the
fundamental mechanism of many genetic disorders.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Genetics - Mutations
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 3
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?
CORRECT ANS: The palms are facing backward.
Expert Rationale
In the standard anatomical position, the body is standing upright, facing forward, with
arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward (anteriorly). The feet are
slightly apart, and the toes point forward. Therefore, the statement that the palms are
facing backward is false. This position serves as a reference point for describing the
location and orientation of body structures.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Anatomical Position
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 4
Stereoscopic vision results when the:
CORRECT ANS: Images in the eyes are different.
Expert Rationale
Stereoscopic vision, or depth perception, is the ability to perceive the world in three
,dimensions. It results from the brain combining the slightly different images received
from each eye. Because the eyes are positioned slightly apart, each eye views the same
scene from a slightly different angle. The brain processes these two slightly different
images to create a single, three-dimensional image, allowing for accurate depth
perception and distance judgment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Vision - Stereoscopic Vision
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 5
Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?
CORRECT ANS: Control of postural reflexes.
Expert Rationale
The hypothalamus is a small but vital region of the brain that plays a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis. Its functions include regulating body temperature, controlling
hunger and thirst, managing sleep-wake cycles, and coordinating the autonomic
nervous system and endocrine system. However, the control of postural reflexes is
primarily a function of the cerebellum, brainstem, and basal ganglia. The hypothalamus
does not directly control postural reflexes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Hypothalamus Functions
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 6
During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when
stained and viewed under a microscope.
CORRECT ANS: False.
, Expert Rationale
The statement is false because chromosomes first condense and become visible during
prophase, not metaphase. During prophase, the chromatin fibers coil and condense into
discrete chromosomes, making them visible under a microscope. During metaphase, the
chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, but they have already condensed. The
correct sequence is prophase (condensation), metaphase (alignment), anaphase
(separation), and telophase (reformation of nuclei).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Mitosis - Prophase
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 7
A soldier suffers a brain injury and becomes unable to speak. The damage is likely in:
CORRECT ANS: Broca's area.
Expert Rationale
Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe (usually the left hemisphere), is responsible for
the motor control of speech. Damage to Broca's area results in expressive aphasia, also
known as Broca's aphasia. Individuals with this condition have difficulty producing
speech; they may understand language but struggle to form words and sentences. This
is distinct from Wernicke's area, which is involved in language comprehension.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
TOP: Brain - Broca's Area
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 8
Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation.
CORRECT ANS: False.
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+.
QUESTION 1
Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still
allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the
membrane?
CORRECT ANS: Phospholipid bilayer.
Expert Rationale
The phospholipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of the cell
membrane, providing both stability and fluidity. The phospholipid molecules have
hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. The bilayer's fluid nature is primarily due to the
hydrophobic interactions between the tails, which allow the molecules to move laterally,
giving the membrane its flexibility. This fluidity is essential for membrane protein
function, vesicle formation, and cell division. While proteins and cholesterol also
contribute to membrane properties, the phospholipid bilayer is the main component
responsible for the membrane's flexible and dynamic nature.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Cell Membrane Structure
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 2
A mutation can cause disease if:
CORRECT ANS: The DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for
another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning.
Expert Rationale
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Not all mutations cause disease; some are
silent (no change in amino acid), some are neutral (change in amino acid but no effect
,on protein function), and some are beneficial. A mutation causes disease when it results
in a significant alteration to the protein's structure and function. A single amino acid
substitution can disrupt the protein's folding, active site, or interactions with other
molecules, leading to a loss of function or gain of harmful function. This is the
fundamental mechanism of many genetic disorders.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Genetics - Mutations
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 3
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?
CORRECT ANS: The palms are facing backward.
Expert Rationale
In the standard anatomical position, the body is standing upright, facing forward, with
arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward (anteriorly). The feet are
slightly apart, and the toes point forward. Therefore, the statement that the palms are
facing backward is false. This position serves as a reference point for describing the
location and orientation of body structures.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Anatomical Position
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 4
Stereoscopic vision results when the:
CORRECT ANS: Images in the eyes are different.
Expert Rationale
Stereoscopic vision, or depth perception, is the ability to perceive the world in three
,dimensions. It results from the brain combining the slightly different images received
from each eye. Because the eyes are positioned slightly apart, each eye views the same
scene from a slightly different angle. The brain processes these two slightly different
images to create a single, three-dimensional image, allowing for accurate depth
perception and distance judgment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Vision - Stereoscopic Vision
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 5
Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?
CORRECT ANS: Control of postural reflexes.
Expert Rationale
The hypothalamus is a small but vital region of the brain that plays a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis. Its functions include regulating body temperature, controlling
hunger and thirst, managing sleep-wake cycles, and coordinating the autonomic
nervous system and endocrine system. However, the control of postural reflexes is
primarily a function of the cerebellum, brainstem, and basal ganglia. The hypothalamus
does not directly control postural reflexes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Hypothalamus Functions
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 6
During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when
stained and viewed under a microscope.
CORRECT ANS: False.
, Expert Rationale
The statement is false because chromosomes first condense and become visible during
prophase, not metaphase. During prophase, the chromatin fibers coil and condense into
discrete chromosomes, making them visible under a microscope. During metaphase, the
chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, but they have already condensed. The
correct sequence is prophase (condensation), metaphase (alignment), anaphase
(separation), and telophase (reformation of nuclei).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Mitosis - Prophase
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 7
A soldier suffers a brain injury and becomes unable to speak. The damage is likely in:
CORRECT ANS: Broca's area.
Expert Rationale
Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe (usually the left hemisphere), is responsible for
the motor control of speech. Damage to Broca's area results in expressive aphasia, also
known as Broca's aphasia. Individuals with this condition have difficulty producing
speech; they may understand language but struggle to form words and sentences. This
is distinct from Wernicke's area, which is involved in language comprehension.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
TOP: Brain - Broca's Area
MSC: APHY 101 Final Exam
QUESTION 8
Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation.
CORRECT ANS: False.
