HESI PN PEDIATRIC NURSING 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100% PASS

HESI PN PEDIATRIC NURSING
2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100%
PASS
1. Developmental milestones (birth to 1 year)
 birth weight doubles by 6 months and triples by 12 months
 birth length increases by 50% at 12 months
 posterior fontanel closes by 8 weeks
 social smile at 2 months
 turns head to locate sounds at 3 months
 moro reflex disappears around 4 months
 achieves steady head control at 4 months
 turns completely over at 5 to 6 months
 plays peek-a-boo after 6 months
 transfers objects hand to hand at 7 months
 develops stranger anxiety at 7 months
 sits unsupported at 8 months
 crawls at 10 months
 fine pincer grasp appears at 10 to 12 months
 waves bye-bye at 10 months
 walks with assistance at 10 to 12 months
 says a few words in addition to "mama" and "dada" at 12 months
 explores environment by motor and oral means
erikson's theory: developing a sense of trust (trust vs mistrust)




2. Nursing implications (birth to 1 year)
 during hospitalization, the infant's emerging skills may disappear
 if the parents are not able to be with the infant, the baby may experience
separation anxiety, usually beginning around 6 months

,  the PN should encourage and plan to have the parents be part of the infants
care
 the infant's usual schedule at home should be respected
preparation and/or reinforcement of teaching should be directed to the family.
however, the PN should always speak to the infant and console the infant,
especially while performing painful or stressful procedures
toys for hospitalized infants include mobiles, rattles, squeaking toys, picture books,
bals, colored blocks, and activity boxes.
3. HESI HINT #!
 the stages of separation anxiety consist of protest, despair, denial, and
detachment.




4. HESI HINT #2
 when does birth length double? by 4 years
 when does the child sit unsupported? 8 months
 when does a child achieve 50% of adult height? 2 years
 when does a child throw a ball overhand? 18 months
 when does a child speak two-to-three word sentences? 2 years
 when does a child use scissors? 4 years
 when does a child tie his/her shoes? 5 years
be aware that a girl's growth spurt during adolescence begins earlier than boys (as
early as 10 yaars)
temper tantrums are common in the toddler and are considered "normal" behavior
be aware that adolescence is a time when the child forms his or her identity and
that rebellion against family values is common for this age group




Developmental milestones (toddler 1-3 years)
 birth weight quadruples by 30 months
 achieves 50% of adult height by 2 years

,  growth velocity slows
 appears to be bowlegged and potbellied
 all primary teeth (20) are present by age 3
 anterior fontanel closes by 12 to 18 months
 throws a ball overhand at 18 months
 kicks a ball at 24 months
 feeds self with spoon and cup at 2 years
 daytime toilet training can usually be started around 2 years
 two-to-three word sentences at 2 years
 three-to-four word sentences at 3 years
 states first and last name by 2.5 to 3 years
 temper tantrums are common.
erikson's theory: developing a sense of autonomy (autonomy vs doubt and shame)




5. Nursing Implications (toddler 1-3 years)
 simple brief explanations should be given immediately before procedures
because toddlers have limited concept of time
 during hospitalization, enforced separation from parents is the greatest threat
to the toddler's psychological and emotional integrity
 security objects or favorite toys from home should be provided for toddler
 encourage parents to explain their plans to child
 respect child's routine
 expect regression
toys for the hospitalized toddler include board and mallet, push/pull toys, toy
telephone, stuffed animals, storybooks with pictures.
toddlers benefit from being taken to the playroom when possible because mobility
is important to their development;.
toddlers engage in parallel pla.
toddlers are learning to name body parts and are concerned about their bodies
support autonomy by giving choices

, 6. Developmental milestones (preschool 3-5 years)
 each year child gains about 5 pounds and grows 2.5 to 3 inches
 stands erect with more slender posture
 learns to run, jump, skip and hop
 3 year olds ride a tricycle
 handedness is established
 uses scissors at 4 years
 ties shoelaces at 5 years
 learns colors and shapes
 visual acuity approaches 20/20
 thinking is egocentric and concrete
 uses sentences of 5 to 8 words
 learns sexual identity
 imaginary playmates and fears are common
 aggressiveness at 4 years is replaced by more independence at 5 years
eriksons theory: developing a sense of initiative (initiative vs guilt)




7. Nursing implications (preschool 3-5 years)
 nursing care for hospitalized preschoolers needs to emphasize understanding
of the child's egocentricity.
 explain that he or she did not cause the illness and that painful procedures
are not a punishment for misdeeds
 the child's questions need to be answered at his or her level. use simple
words that will be understood by the child
 therapeutic play or medical play to allow the child to act out his or her
experiences is helpful
 fear of mutilation from procedures is common.
 a band-aid may be helpful in restoring body integrity; children fear loss of
blood because they are beginning to associate it with life.
 toys and play for the hospitalized preschooler include coloring books,
puzzles, cutting and painting, dolls, building blocks, clay and toys that allow
the preschooler to work out hospitalization experiences.