2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
mental models - CORRECT ANSWER-Team members' knowledge and
beliefs about how the work gets done by the team.
organizational culture - CORRECT ANSWER-A system of shared meaning
held by members that distinguishes the organization from other
organizations.
7 primary characteristics of organizational culture - CORRECT ANSWER-
A PATIOS A 1.) Innovation and risk taking 2.) Attention to detail 3.)
Outcome orientation 4.) People orientation 5.) Team orientation 6.)
Aggressiveness 7.) Stability
dominant culture - CORRECT ANSWER-A culture that expresses the core
values that are shared by a majority of the organization's members.
core values - CORRECT ANSWER-The primary or dominant values that
are accepted throughout the organization.
,subcultures - CORRECT ANSWER-Minicultures within an organization,
typically defined by department designations and geographical separation.
strong culture - CORRECT ANSWER-A culture in which the core values
are intensely held and widely shared.
organizational climate - CORRECT ANSWER-The shared perceptions
organizational members have about their organization and work
environment.
Institutionalization - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition that occurs when
an organization takes on a life of its own, apart from any of its members,
and acquires immortality.
Socialization - CORRECT ANSWER-A process that adapts employees to
the organization's culture.
prearrival stage - CORRECT ANSWER-The period of learning in the
socialization process that occurs before a new employee joins the
organization.
encounter stage - CORRECT ANSWER-The stage in the socialization
process in which a new employee sees what the organization is really like
and confronts the possibility that expectations and reality may diverge.
,metamorphosis stage - CORRECT ANSWER-The stage in the socialization
process in which a new employee changes and adjusts to the job, work
group, and organization.
Rituals - CORRECT ANSWER-Repetitive sequences of activities that
express and reinforce the key values of the organization, which goals are
most important, which people are important, and which are expendable.
Material Symbols - CORRECT ANSWER-What conveys to employees who
is important, the degree of egalitarianism top management desires, and the
kinds of behavior that are appropriate.
Positive Organizational Culture - CORRECT ANSWER-A culture that
emphasizes building on employee strengths, rewards more than punishes,
and emphasizes individual vitality and growth.
Workplace Spirituality - CORRECT ANSWER-The recognition that people
have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that
takes place in the context of community.
leadership - CORRECT ANSWER-The ability to influence a group toward
the achievement of a vision or set of goals.
trait theories of leadership - CORRECT ANSWER-Theories that consider
personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-
leaders.
, behavioral theories of leadership - CORRECT ANSWER-Theories
proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
initiating structure - CORRECT ANSWER-The extent to which a leader is
likely to define and structure his or her role and those of subordinates in
the search for goal attainment.
consideration - CORRECT ANSWER-The extent to which a leader is likely
to have job relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect for
subordinates' ideas, and regard for their feelings.
employee-oriented leader - CORRECT ANSWER-A leader who emphasizes
interpersonal relations, takes a personal interest in the needs of employees,
and accepts individual differences among members.
production-oriented leader - CORRECT ANSWER-A leader who
emphasizes technical or task aspects of the job.
Fiedler contingency model - CORRECT ANSWER-The theory that effective
groups depend on a proper match between a leader's style of interacting
with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and
influence to the leader.
least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire - CORRECT ANSWER-An
instrument that purports to measure whether a person is task or
relationship oriented.