1
WGU D236 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT 2026/2027 |
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | EXPERT VERIFIED | 125
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | PASS
GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of cellular injury. Which of the following is the earliest sign of
reversible injury?
A. Karyolysis
B. Cellular swelling
C. Pyknosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cellular swelling is the earliest sign of reversible injury.
Question 2
A nurse is reviewing apoptosis. Which of the following is characteristic?
A. Inflammation
B. Cell swelling
C. Programmed cell death without inflammation
D. Random DNA fragmentation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death without inflammation.
Question 3
A nurse is reviewing necrosis. Which type preserves architecture?
A. Liquefactive
B. Coagulative
C. Caseous
D. Fat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves architecture.
Question 4
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A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Which is the primary mechanism?
A. Autoimmune beta cell destruction
B. Insulin resistance and relative deficiency
C. Absolute insulin deficiency
D. Increased glucagon only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance.
Question 5
A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of metformin. Which is correct?
A. Increases insulin secretion
B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
C. Increases glucose reabsorption
D. Delays carbohydrate absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production.
Question 6
A nurse is reviewing asthma pathophysiology. Which is the primary process?
A. Alveolar destruction
B. Chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction
C. Pleural fluid
D. Bronchiolar dilation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asthma is inflammation and bronchoconstriction.
Question 7
A nurse is reviewing albuterol. Which is the mechanism?
A. Blocks muscarinic receptors
B. Stimulates beta-2 receptors
C. Blocks leukotriene receptors
D. Inhibits phosphodiesterase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol stimulates beta-2 receptors.
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Question 8
A nurse is reviewing hypertension. Which system is involved?
A. Decreased sympathetic
B. Increased RAAS
C. Decreased cardiac output
D. Decreased resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertension involves increased RAAS.
Question 9
A nurse is reviewing lisinopril. Which is the mechanism?
A. Blocks angiotensin II receptors
B. Inhibits ACE
C. Blocks calcium channels
D. Blocks beta receptors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lisinopril inhibits ACE.
Question 10
A nurse is reviewing GERD. Which is the primary mechanism?
A. Increased acid
B. Inappropriate LES relaxation
C. Decreased motility
D. Increased esophageal motility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: GERD is LES relaxation.
Question 11
A nurse is reviewing omeprazole. Which is the mechanism?
A. Neutralizes acid
B. Blocks H2 receptors
C. Inhibits proton pump
D. Increases LES tone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Omeprazole inhibits the proton pump.
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Question 12
A nurse is reviewing hypothyroidism. Which is the most common cause?
A. Iodine deficiency
B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
C. Pituitary dysfunction
D. Surgery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hashimoto's is most common.
Question 13
A nurse is reviewing levothyroxine. Which is the mechanism?
A. Stimulates thyroid
B. Replaces thyroid hormone
C. Blocks receptors
D. Increases iodine uptake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levothyroxine replaces hormone.
Question 14
A nurse is reviewing rheumatoid arthritis. Which is the primary process?
A. Cartilage degeneration
B. Autoimmune synovitis
C. Uric acid deposition
D. Joint infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RA is autoimmune synovitis.
Question 15
A nurse is reviewing methotrexate. Which is the mechanism?
A. Blocks TNF
B. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
C. Blocks COX
D. Inhibits uric acid
Correct Answer: B
WGU D236 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT 2026/2027 |
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | EXPERT VERIFIED | 125
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | PASS
GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of cellular injury. Which of the following is the earliest sign of
reversible injury?
A. Karyolysis
B. Cellular swelling
C. Pyknosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cellular swelling is the earliest sign of reversible injury.
Question 2
A nurse is reviewing apoptosis. Which of the following is characteristic?
A. Inflammation
B. Cell swelling
C. Programmed cell death without inflammation
D. Random DNA fragmentation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death without inflammation.
Question 3
A nurse is reviewing necrosis. Which type preserves architecture?
A. Liquefactive
B. Coagulative
C. Caseous
D. Fat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves architecture.
Question 4
,2
A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Which is the primary mechanism?
A. Autoimmune beta cell destruction
B. Insulin resistance and relative deficiency
C. Absolute insulin deficiency
D. Increased glucagon only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance.
Question 5
A nurse is reviewing the mechanism of metformin. Which is correct?
A. Increases insulin secretion
B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
C. Increases glucose reabsorption
D. Delays carbohydrate absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production.
Question 6
A nurse is reviewing asthma pathophysiology. Which is the primary process?
A. Alveolar destruction
B. Chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction
C. Pleural fluid
D. Bronchiolar dilation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asthma is inflammation and bronchoconstriction.
Question 7
A nurse is reviewing albuterol. Which is the mechanism?
A. Blocks muscarinic receptors
B. Stimulates beta-2 receptors
C. Blocks leukotriene receptors
D. Inhibits phosphodiesterase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol stimulates beta-2 receptors.
,3
Question 8
A nurse is reviewing hypertension. Which system is involved?
A. Decreased sympathetic
B. Increased RAAS
C. Decreased cardiac output
D. Decreased resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertension involves increased RAAS.
Question 9
A nurse is reviewing lisinopril. Which is the mechanism?
A. Blocks angiotensin II receptors
B. Inhibits ACE
C. Blocks calcium channels
D. Blocks beta receptors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lisinopril inhibits ACE.
Question 10
A nurse is reviewing GERD. Which is the primary mechanism?
A. Increased acid
B. Inappropriate LES relaxation
C. Decreased motility
D. Increased esophageal motility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: GERD is LES relaxation.
Question 11
A nurse is reviewing omeprazole. Which is the mechanism?
A. Neutralizes acid
B. Blocks H2 receptors
C. Inhibits proton pump
D. Increases LES tone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Omeprazole inhibits the proton pump.
, 4
Question 12
A nurse is reviewing hypothyroidism. Which is the most common cause?
A. Iodine deficiency
B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
C. Pituitary dysfunction
D. Surgery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hashimoto's is most common.
Question 13
A nurse is reviewing levothyroxine. Which is the mechanism?
A. Stimulates thyroid
B. Replaces thyroid hormone
C. Blocks receptors
D. Increases iodine uptake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levothyroxine replaces hormone.
Question 14
A nurse is reviewing rheumatoid arthritis. Which is the primary process?
A. Cartilage degeneration
B. Autoimmune synovitis
C. Uric acid deposition
D. Joint infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RA is autoimmune synovitis.
Question 15
A nurse is reviewing methotrexate. Which is the mechanism?
A. Blocks TNF
B. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
C. Blocks COX
D. Inhibits uric acid
Correct Answer: B
