ALH 1140 CHAPTER 4 2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
infectious disease - ✔✔A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one
individual to another.
communicable disease - ✔✔a disease that is spread from one host to another
13 factors for the surge in new infectious and communicable diseases - ✔✔1. Microbial adaptation and
change
2. Human susceptibility to infection
3. Climate and weather
4. Changing ecosystems
5. Human demographics and behavior
6. Economic development and land use
7. International travel and commerce
8. Technology and industry
9. Breakdown of public health measures
10. Poverty and social inequality
11. War and famine
12. Lack of political will and/or clout
13. Biological warfare
Nosocomial - ✔✔hospital acquired infection
Sepsis - ✔✔Dangerous infection of the blood
Bacteremia - ✔✔bacteria in the blood
Etiology - ✔✔cause of disease and or study
H1N1 is caused by - ✔✔A mix of viruses from pig, birds and humans
E.coli 0157:H7 - ✔✔-Is an illness due to consumption of contaminated food.
-It was found in uncooked green vegetables and uncooked raw meats.
-The U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) banned the sale of ground beef contaminated with this strain
in 1994.
-This happened due to the outbreak in Jack in the Box in 1993.
-5% of children exposed to this died.
-Government couldn't force recall meat because packing companies are too powerful.
Lyme disease - ✔✔Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Spirochete - ✔✔spiral shaped bacteria
Antipyretics (Medications) - ✔✔Drugs that reduce fever
ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
infectious disease - ✔✔A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one
individual to another.
communicable disease - ✔✔a disease that is spread from one host to another
13 factors for the surge in new infectious and communicable diseases - ✔✔1. Microbial adaptation and
change
2. Human susceptibility to infection
3. Climate and weather
4. Changing ecosystems
5. Human demographics and behavior
6. Economic development and land use
7. International travel and commerce
8. Technology and industry
9. Breakdown of public health measures
10. Poverty and social inequality
11. War and famine
12. Lack of political will and/or clout
13. Biological warfare
Nosocomial - ✔✔hospital acquired infection
Sepsis - ✔✔Dangerous infection of the blood
Bacteremia - ✔✔bacteria in the blood
Etiology - ✔✔cause of disease and or study
H1N1 is caused by - ✔✔A mix of viruses from pig, birds and humans
E.coli 0157:H7 - ✔✔-Is an illness due to consumption of contaminated food.
-It was found in uncooked green vegetables and uncooked raw meats.
-The U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) banned the sale of ground beef contaminated with this strain
in 1994.
-This happened due to the outbreak in Jack in the Box in 1993.
-5% of children exposed to this died.
-Government couldn't force recall meat because packing companies are too powerful.
Lyme disease - ✔✔Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Spirochete - ✔✔spiral shaped bacteria
Antipyretics (Medications) - ✔✔Drugs that reduce fever
