NSG 1400 EXAM 3 2026/2027 | NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
Nutrient Density goal - correct answer ✔✔Most nutrients for lowest calorie intake
Macronutrients - correct answer ✔✔Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water
Micronutrient - correct answer ✔✔Vitamins and Minerals
Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔The process of chemically changing nutrients, such as fats and proteins,
into end products that are used to meet the energy needs of the body or stored for future use.
Alternations in nutrition - correct answer ✔✔Factors such as culture/religious preferences, allergies,
disabilities, medications, socioeconomic status, personal preferences, malnutrition, and intolerances.
Anorexia - correct answer ✔✔Obsessive behaviors, limiting calorie intake, excessive exercise, omission of
healthy foods.
Bulimia - correct answer ✔✔Binging (excessive food intake) and purging (throwing up food).
BMI formula - correct answer ✔✔(weight in pounds / height in inches)² x 703
BMI Over 30 - correct answer ✔✔Obese
BMI 40 or higher - correct answer ✔✔Morbidly Obese
BMI Less than 18.5 - correct answer ✔✔Underweight
Elders weight loss criteria - correct answer ✔✔Considered underweight if 5% of their body weight has
been lost.
Specific assessments for elderly population - correct answer ✔✔10% weight loss in 6 months, ask if
there has been any unintentional weight loss.
Focused Nutrition Assessment Question - correct answer ✔✔Questions include 24 hour food/meal
recall, typical meal description, food allergies, difficulty swallowing or chewing, frequency of weighing,
and unintentional weight loss/gain.
Populations at risk for Malnutrition - correct answer ✔✔Super old/young populations, poverty-stricken
people, individuals with substance abuse issues, and those with immobility issues.
Physical Assessment/Findings of impaired nutrition - correct answer ✔✔Dry brittle hair, dry rough skin,
deep red lips with open lesions, and muscle wasting.
,Skin turgor - correct answer ✔✔Determines hydration levels; tenting skin indicates dehydration.
Interventions for malnutrition - correct answer ✔✔Provide nutrient dense foods, remain calm yet
persistent when implementing new diets/foods, dietary consults, vitamins, and encourage slow intake.
Foods high in sodium - correct answer ✔✔Processed foods, potato chips, fast foods, pretzels, pickles,
ham, bacon, sausage.
Foods low in sodium - correct answer ✔✔Whole grains, fresh fruits/vegetables, eggs, unsalted
nuts/seeds, legumes, chicken/turkey/fish.
Foods high in potassium - correct answer ✔✔Meats (organ and preserved), dairy products, bananas,
cantaloupe, kiwi, oranges, avocado, broccoli, dried beans, peas, soybeans, spinach, lima beans,
mushrooms, potatoes.
Foods low in potassium - correct answer ✔✔Eggs, bread, butter, cereal, sugar, apricots, berries, cherries,
cranberries, grapefruit, peaches, pineapples, cabbage, carrots, celery, cauliflower, eggplant, lettuce,
onion, peas, peppers, spinach, alfalfa sprouts.
Foods high in phosphorus - correct answer ✔✔Fast foods, ready to eat foods, processed foods, yogurt,
custard, milk, ice cream, cream soups.
NPO - correct answer ✔✔Nothing by mouth
Clear Liquid Diet - correct answer ✔✔Limited nutrients and is used only for a short period of time
Clear Liquid Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for GI problems, before surgery (preoperatively) and
after surgery (postoperatively), and before some diagnostic tests
Clear Liquid Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes water, apple and cranberry juice, gelatin,
popsicles, and clear broths
Clear Liquid Diet Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Drinks with pulp
Full Liquid Diet - correct answer ✔✔Foods that are or may become liquid at room or body temperature
Full Liquid Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for GI disturbances, dental work performed, or who
cannot tolerate solid food when they do not need to be NPO or limited to a clear liquid diet
Full Liquid Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes juices with and without pulp, milk and milk
products, yogurt, strained cream soups, and liquid dietary supplements
Pureed Diet - correct answer ✔✔Food that is placed into a blender and made into a pulplike mixture
Pureed Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for individuals who cannot safely chew or swallow solid
food
Pureed Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes mashed bananas, pureed chicken, apple sauce
, Pureed Diet Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Addition of raw eggs, nuts, and seeds
Soft Food Diet - correct answer ✔✔Food consistencies that have been modified, such as ground meat or
soft-cooked foods
Soft Food Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for those who have difficulty chewing effectively
Soft Food Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes mashed potatoes, grits, oatmeal, scrambled eggs,
cottage cheese
Thickened Liquids - correct answer ✔✔Used for patients who have difficulty swallowing and are at risk
for aspiration
Thickened Liquids Includes - correct answer ✔✔Liquids can be thickened by adding a commercially
prepared thickening agent
Thickened Liquids Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Nuts, seeds, and other hard or raw foods should be
avoided
Regular Diet - correct answer ✔✔Commonly referred to as diet as tolerated
Regular Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔No dietary restrictions, but foods should supply patients with a
balanced diet of essential nutrients
Regular Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Patients can eat anything that they'd like to
Diabetes Diet - correct answer ✔✔Prescribed to control the amount of calories by controlling
carbohydrate intake
Diabetes Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔To control and manage blood glucose
Diabetes Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes skinless chicken or turkey, fish, spinach, green
beans, carrots, salad greens, brown rice, quinoa, small pieces of whole fruit, low-fat or non-fat milk, plain
Greek yogurt, unsweetened tea, or coffee
Diabetes Diet Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Foods that have a high glycemic index and rapidly raise the
body's blood glucose concentration
Cardiac Diet - correct answer ✔✔Control the dietary intake of foods that contribute to conditions
affecting the cardiovascular system
Cardiac Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔For patients with hypertension, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis,
chronic kidney disease, or similar diseases
Cardiac Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes low-cholesterol and low-sodium dietary items,
fresh/frozen (low salt) veggies, fish, turkey/chicken, eggs, olive oil/avocado oil
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
Nutrient Density goal - correct answer ✔✔Most nutrients for lowest calorie intake
Macronutrients - correct answer ✔✔Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water
Micronutrient - correct answer ✔✔Vitamins and Minerals
Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔The process of chemically changing nutrients, such as fats and proteins,
into end products that are used to meet the energy needs of the body or stored for future use.
Alternations in nutrition - correct answer ✔✔Factors such as culture/religious preferences, allergies,
disabilities, medications, socioeconomic status, personal preferences, malnutrition, and intolerances.
Anorexia - correct answer ✔✔Obsessive behaviors, limiting calorie intake, excessive exercise, omission of
healthy foods.
Bulimia - correct answer ✔✔Binging (excessive food intake) and purging (throwing up food).
BMI formula - correct answer ✔✔(weight in pounds / height in inches)² x 703
BMI Over 30 - correct answer ✔✔Obese
BMI 40 or higher - correct answer ✔✔Morbidly Obese
BMI Less than 18.5 - correct answer ✔✔Underweight
Elders weight loss criteria - correct answer ✔✔Considered underweight if 5% of their body weight has
been lost.
Specific assessments for elderly population - correct answer ✔✔10% weight loss in 6 months, ask if
there has been any unintentional weight loss.
Focused Nutrition Assessment Question - correct answer ✔✔Questions include 24 hour food/meal
recall, typical meal description, food allergies, difficulty swallowing or chewing, frequency of weighing,
and unintentional weight loss/gain.
Populations at risk for Malnutrition - correct answer ✔✔Super old/young populations, poverty-stricken
people, individuals with substance abuse issues, and those with immobility issues.
Physical Assessment/Findings of impaired nutrition - correct answer ✔✔Dry brittle hair, dry rough skin,
deep red lips with open lesions, and muscle wasting.
,Skin turgor - correct answer ✔✔Determines hydration levels; tenting skin indicates dehydration.
Interventions for malnutrition - correct answer ✔✔Provide nutrient dense foods, remain calm yet
persistent when implementing new diets/foods, dietary consults, vitamins, and encourage slow intake.
Foods high in sodium - correct answer ✔✔Processed foods, potato chips, fast foods, pretzels, pickles,
ham, bacon, sausage.
Foods low in sodium - correct answer ✔✔Whole grains, fresh fruits/vegetables, eggs, unsalted
nuts/seeds, legumes, chicken/turkey/fish.
Foods high in potassium - correct answer ✔✔Meats (organ and preserved), dairy products, bananas,
cantaloupe, kiwi, oranges, avocado, broccoli, dried beans, peas, soybeans, spinach, lima beans,
mushrooms, potatoes.
Foods low in potassium - correct answer ✔✔Eggs, bread, butter, cereal, sugar, apricots, berries, cherries,
cranberries, grapefruit, peaches, pineapples, cabbage, carrots, celery, cauliflower, eggplant, lettuce,
onion, peas, peppers, spinach, alfalfa sprouts.
Foods high in phosphorus - correct answer ✔✔Fast foods, ready to eat foods, processed foods, yogurt,
custard, milk, ice cream, cream soups.
NPO - correct answer ✔✔Nothing by mouth
Clear Liquid Diet - correct answer ✔✔Limited nutrients and is used only for a short period of time
Clear Liquid Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for GI problems, before surgery (preoperatively) and
after surgery (postoperatively), and before some diagnostic tests
Clear Liquid Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes water, apple and cranberry juice, gelatin,
popsicles, and clear broths
Clear Liquid Diet Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Drinks with pulp
Full Liquid Diet - correct answer ✔✔Foods that are or may become liquid at room or body temperature
Full Liquid Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for GI disturbances, dental work performed, or who
cannot tolerate solid food when they do not need to be NPO or limited to a clear liquid diet
Full Liquid Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes juices with and without pulp, milk and milk
products, yogurt, strained cream soups, and liquid dietary supplements
Pureed Diet - correct answer ✔✔Food that is placed into a blender and made into a pulplike mixture
Pureed Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for individuals who cannot safely chew or swallow solid
food
Pureed Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes mashed bananas, pureed chicken, apple sauce
, Pureed Diet Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Addition of raw eggs, nuts, and seeds
Soft Food Diet - correct answer ✔✔Food consistencies that have been modified, such as ground meat or
soft-cooked foods
Soft Food Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔Used for those who have difficulty chewing effectively
Soft Food Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes mashed potatoes, grits, oatmeal, scrambled eggs,
cottage cheese
Thickened Liquids - correct answer ✔✔Used for patients who have difficulty swallowing and are at risk
for aspiration
Thickened Liquids Includes - correct answer ✔✔Liquids can be thickened by adding a commercially
prepared thickening agent
Thickened Liquids Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Nuts, seeds, and other hard or raw foods should be
avoided
Regular Diet - correct answer ✔✔Commonly referred to as diet as tolerated
Regular Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔No dietary restrictions, but foods should supply patients with a
balanced diet of essential nutrients
Regular Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Patients can eat anything that they'd like to
Diabetes Diet - correct answer ✔✔Prescribed to control the amount of calories by controlling
carbohydrate intake
Diabetes Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔To control and manage blood glucose
Diabetes Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes skinless chicken or turkey, fish, spinach, green
beans, carrots, salad greens, brown rice, quinoa, small pieces of whole fruit, low-fat or non-fat milk, plain
Greek yogurt, unsweetened tea, or coffee
Diabetes Diet Avoid - correct answer ✔✔Foods that have a high glycemic index and rapidly raise the
body's blood glucose concentration
Cardiac Diet - correct answer ✔✔Control the dietary intake of foods that contribute to conditions
affecting the cardiovascular system
Cardiac Diet Usage - correct answer ✔✔For patients with hypertension, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis,
chronic kidney disease, or similar diseases
Cardiac Diet Includes - correct answer ✔✔Includes low-cholesterol and low-sodium dietary items,
fresh/frozen (low salt) veggies, fish, turkey/chicken, eggs, olive oil/avocado oil
