MEDICAL GENETICS CHAPTER 20 FINAL PAPER
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
◉ mutation.
Answer: permanent change in DNA sequence
◉ genotype.
Answer: encoded genetic information - combinations of alleles at a
given locus
◉ some chromosomal abnormalities increase significantly with
__________..
Answer: maternal age
◉ single-base mutations increase with _______..
Answer: paternal age
◉ what do nucleosomes do?.
Answer: form a helical solenoid (package DNA)
found in the nucleus
,each turn of the solenoid includes 6 nucleosomes
◉ telomeric DNA.
Answer: terminal portion of chromosomes contain 10-15 thousand
bases of tandem repeats of a 6-bp sequence
needed for chromosomal integrity in replication
◉ types of RNA to know:.
Answer: Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
◉ mRNA.
Answer: Messenger RNA
an active 'transcript' copy of a single complementary strand of DNA
that will be transferred to a ribosome that will result in protein
synthesis (primary means of conveying genetic info
◉ tRNA.
Answer: Transfer RNA
complex triple-loop (clover-leaf like) structure with highly
specialized function at specific sites in the ribosome during
translation (one specific tRNA for each of the 20 AA)
, decodes mRNA through AA binding and translocation for protein
synthesis
◉ rRNA.
Answer: Ribosomal RNA
complex, multisequence RNAs with various bound proteins that
form the structural backbone of the ribosome (site for protein
synthesis)
interacts with tRNA
◉ transcription.
Answer: DNA transcribed into mRNA
◉ translation.
Answer: mRNA leaves nucleus & proteins are synthesized
◉ what is transcription and translated mediated by?.
Answer: RNA (ribonucleic acid)
◉ autosomal dominant.
Answer: a phenotype expressed when heterozygous or homozygous
for a genotype
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
◉ mutation.
Answer: permanent change in DNA sequence
◉ genotype.
Answer: encoded genetic information - combinations of alleles at a
given locus
◉ some chromosomal abnormalities increase significantly with
__________..
Answer: maternal age
◉ single-base mutations increase with _______..
Answer: paternal age
◉ what do nucleosomes do?.
Answer: form a helical solenoid (package DNA)
found in the nucleus
,each turn of the solenoid includes 6 nucleosomes
◉ telomeric DNA.
Answer: terminal portion of chromosomes contain 10-15 thousand
bases of tandem repeats of a 6-bp sequence
needed for chromosomal integrity in replication
◉ types of RNA to know:.
Answer: Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
◉ mRNA.
Answer: Messenger RNA
an active 'transcript' copy of a single complementary strand of DNA
that will be transferred to a ribosome that will result in protein
synthesis (primary means of conveying genetic info
◉ tRNA.
Answer: Transfer RNA
complex triple-loop (clover-leaf like) structure with highly
specialized function at specific sites in the ribosome during
translation (one specific tRNA for each of the 20 AA)
, decodes mRNA through AA binding and translocation for protein
synthesis
◉ rRNA.
Answer: Ribosomal RNA
complex, multisequence RNAs with various bound proteins that
form the structural backbone of the ribosome (site for protein
synthesis)
interacts with tRNA
◉ transcription.
Answer: DNA transcribed into mRNA
◉ translation.
Answer: mRNA leaves nucleus & proteins are synthesized
◉ what is transcription and translated mediated by?.
Answer: RNA (ribonucleic acid)
◉ autosomal dominant.
Answer: a phenotype expressed when heterozygous or homozygous
for a genotype
