AAAE ACE Operations Module 2 | Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: What are the two major categories of pavement?
Answer: Flexible and rigid
Question: What are some types of flexible pavement?
Answer: Grass, dirt, gravel and asphalt
Question: Why are paved surfaces necessary at airports?
Answer: To support the critical loads imposed on them; to produce a smooth, skid-resistant and safe-riding
surface
Question: Airport surfaces are distinguished by operational control and FAA design standards into what two
areas?
Answer: Movement and non-movement
Question: What constitutes the movement area on an airport?
Answer: Runways and taxiways. At ATCT controlled airports, the surfaces under ATC control. These areas must
meet Part 139 design restrictions.
Question: What constitutes the non-movement area of an airport?
Answer: Taxiways and aprons not under ATCT control
Question: How are movement and non-movement areas determined at an airport with an ATCT?
Answer: By Letter of Agreement (LOA) between the airport and the ATCT.
Question: What is the benefit of using a rigid pavement such as Portland Cement Concrete?
Answer: It is about half the lifetime cost of asphalt, with a service life of 30+ years versus 5-15 years for
asphalt. Concrete is more expensive up front though, so asphalt is common at low revenue airports such as
GA.
Question: What are two major elements that make pavements deteriorate?
Answer: weathering and aircraft loads
Question: For bearing strengths of 12,500lbs or greater, what method is used to express the effect of an
individual aircraft on different pavements?
Answer: Comparing ACN to PCN (Aircraft Classification Number-Pavement Classification Number)
Question: What does the Pavement Classification Number (PCN) represent to the operator/pilot?
Answer: PCN is the maximum pavement bearing strength for unrestricted aircraft operations.
Question: What is the Load Classification Number (LCN) used to describe?
Answer: Pavement bearing strengths less than 12,500lbs
Question: What are the five major categories of pavement distress?
Answer: cracking, joint seal damage, disintegration, distortion, loss of skid resistance
, Question: Edges of abutting pavement or pavement and other areas must be no more than how many inches in
elevation difference?
Answer: 3 inches
Question: What are the maximum dimensions of a hole that are allowed by Part 139?
Answer: Any hole with a diameter greater than 5 inches and either 3 inches deep or a slope of greater than 45
degrees
Question: How far are landing distances increased on wet pavement?
Answer: By 15 percent or more
Question: What are the three types of hydroplaning?
Answer: Dynamic, viscous, and rubber reversion
Question: What are three pavement elements that help to mitigate hydroplaning?
Answer: pavement grooving, porous friction course, wire combing
Question: At what point should rubber removal occur on a runway?
Answer: Based on a friction evaluation, frequency of turbo-jet landings, or when 40% of the grooves are 1/8'' or
less in depth or width for a distance of 1,500ft
Question: What is the normal depth and spacing of pavement grooving?
Answer: 1/4'' deep, 1/4" wide, 1.5"apart
Question: What are four rubber removal techniques?
Answer: high-pressure water, chemical solvents, high-velocity abrasive, mechanical grinding
Question: When using a mechanical or electronic decelerometer to spot check pavement friction, how many
values are required to survey a runway and the check is conducted at what speed?
Answer: 3 values in each third of the runway (9 total); 20mph
Question: How much of the runway should be checked when using continuous friction measuring equipment
(CFME) to evaluate runway friction?
Answer: full runway length; up to 40 mph
Question: Below what Mu value is corrective action typically required?
Answer: Below 60 Mu
Question: What are some advantages to using artificial turf for unpaved areas?
Answer: mitigate soil erosion; minimize maintenance; control wildlife; enhance visual aesthetics
Question: What are the variations in width and length of runway safety areas?
Answer: width - 120ft to 500ft from the runway centerline; length - 240ft to 1,000ft from the runway or
stopway end
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: What are the two major categories of pavement?
Answer: Flexible and rigid
Question: What are some types of flexible pavement?
Answer: Grass, dirt, gravel and asphalt
Question: Why are paved surfaces necessary at airports?
Answer: To support the critical loads imposed on them; to produce a smooth, skid-resistant and safe-riding
surface
Question: Airport surfaces are distinguished by operational control and FAA design standards into what two
areas?
Answer: Movement and non-movement
Question: What constitutes the movement area on an airport?
Answer: Runways and taxiways. At ATCT controlled airports, the surfaces under ATC control. These areas must
meet Part 139 design restrictions.
Question: What constitutes the non-movement area of an airport?
Answer: Taxiways and aprons not under ATCT control
Question: How are movement and non-movement areas determined at an airport with an ATCT?
Answer: By Letter of Agreement (LOA) between the airport and the ATCT.
Question: What is the benefit of using a rigid pavement such as Portland Cement Concrete?
Answer: It is about half the lifetime cost of asphalt, with a service life of 30+ years versus 5-15 years for
asphalt. Concrete is more expensive up front though, so asphalt is common at low revenue airports such as
GA.
Question: What are two major elements that make pavements deteriorate?
Answer: weathering and aircraft loads
Question: For bearing strengths of 12,500lbs or greater, what method is used to express the effect of an
individual aircraft on different pavements?
Answer: Comparing ACN to PCN (Aircraft Classification Number-Pavement Classification Number)
Question: What does the Pavement Classification Number (PCN) represent to the operator/pilot?
Answer: PCN is the maximum pavement bearing strength for unrestricted aircraft operations.
Question: What is the Load Classification Number (LCN) used to describe?
Answer: Pavement bearing strengths less than 12,500lbs
Question: What are the five major categories of pavement distress?
Answer: cracking, joint seal damage, disintegration, distortion, loss of skid resistance
, Question: Edges of abutting pavement or pavement and other areas must be no more than how many inches in
elevation difference?
Answer: 3 inches
Question: What are the maximum dimensions of a hole that are allowed by Part 139?
Answer: Any hole with a diameter greater than 5 inches and either 3 inches deep or a slope of greater than 45
degrees
Question: How far are landing distances increased on wet pavement?
Answer: By 15 percent or more
Question: What are the three types of hydroplaning?
Answer: Dynamic, viscous, and rubber reversion
Question: What are three pavement elements that help to mitigate hydroplaning?
Answer: pavement grooving, porous friction course, wire combing
Question: At what point should rubber removal occur on a runway?
Answer: Based on a friction evaluation, frequency of turbo-jet landings, or when 40% of the grooves are 1/8'' or
less in depth or width for a distance of 1,500ft
Question: What is the normal depth and spacing of pavement grooving?
Answer: 1/4'' deep, 1/4" wide, 1.5"apart
Question: What are four rubber removal techniques?
Answer: high-pressure water, chemical solvents, high-velocity abrasive, mechanical grinding
Question: When using a mechanical or electronic decelerometer to spot check pavement friction, how many
values are required to survey a runway and the check is conducted at what speed?
Answer: 3 values in each third of the runway (9 total); 20mph
Question: How much of the runway should be checked when using continuous friction measuring equipment
(CFME) to evaluate runway friction?
Answer: full runway length; up to 40 mph
Question: Below what Mu value is corrective action typically required?
Answer: Below 60 Mu
Question: What are some advantages to using artificial turf for unpaved areas?
Answer: mitigate soil erosion; minimize maintenance; control wildlife; enhance visual aesthetics
Question: What are the variations in width and length of runway safety areas?
Answer: width - 120ft to 500ft from the runway centerline; length - 240ft to 1,000ft from the runway or
stopway end
