A&P 2 Endocrine System | Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Endocrine system
Answer: Assists the Nervous system in homeostasis and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation.
These two systems meet at the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Has more long lasting and widespread
effects than the Nervous system.
Question: Endocrinology
Answer: Scientific study of hormones and the endocrine organs.
Question: Exocrine glands
Answer: release their secretions, through tubelike structures called ducts, directly to the organs that use them.
(Those that release sweat, tears, and digestive juices)
Question: Endocrine glands
Answer: Also called ductless glands, produce hormones and lack ducts. They release their hormones into the
surrounding tissue fluid and they typically have a rich vascular and lymphatic drainage that receives their
hormones.
Question: Neuroendocrine organ
Answer: the hypothalmus, has neural functions & produces and releases hormones
Question: Autocrines
Answer: Endocrine gland whose chemicals exert their effects on the same cell that secretes it (local chemical
messenger)
Question: Paracrines
Answer: Locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than the ones that secrete them
Question: Hormones
Answer: Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the
bloodstream, and affect other tissues
Question: Amino acid based
Answer: One of the 2 main structural classes of hormones. Water soluble hormones that act on receptors in the
plasma membrane. Amines and Peptides and Proteins.
Question: Steroids
Answer: A hormone consisting of lipids derived from cholesterol. Of the hormones produced by the major
endocrine organs, only gonadal and adrenocortical hormones are steroids.
Question: Eicosanoids
Answer: (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) modify hormone responses, contribute to inflammation, dilate
airways, and regulate body temperature.
Question: Target cells
Answer: Cells with specific receptors in their membranes to accept specific hormones.
, Question: Second messenger systems
Answer: Hormone binds to a receptor protein on the cell membrane and changes the shape of the receptor.
This leads to the production of an intracellular substance that acts as a second messenger, stimulating a series
of intracellular effects.
Question: Humoral Stimuli
Answer: Secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients
Question: Neural Stimuli
Answer: Nerve fibers stimulate hormone release. Ex: fibers of sympathetic nervous system directly stimulate
adrenal medulla to release epinephrine
Question: Hormonal Stimuli
Answer: Release of hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs.
Question: Half life
Answer: The amount of time it takes for 50% of the hormone to be cleared from the blood
Question: Permissiveness
Answer: One hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present
Question: Synergism
Answer: Combined effects of hormones is greater than sum of individual effects (1+1=3)
Question: Antagonism
Answer: When one hormone apposes or prevents the action of another hormone on a target cell.
Question: Pituitary Gland
Answer: aka Hypophysis. Endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain that secretes hormones that affect
the function of other glands as well as hormones that act directly on physical processes.
Question: Infundibulum
Answer: A stalk that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
Question: Posterior pituitary
Answer: (lobe) is composed largely of neural tissue such as pituicytes and nerve fibers. It releases
neurohormones received ready-made from the hypothalamus. Thus, this lobe is a hormone-storage area and
not a true endocrine gland that manufactures hormones. The posterior lobe plus the infundibulum make up the
region call the neurohypophysis.It secretes two hormones and both are produced in the hypothalamus:
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. They are only stored in the posterior pituitary.
Question: Anterior pituitary
Answer: aka adenohypophysis. "Master gland"; produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate
many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction
Question: What are the functions of hormones?
Answer: Regulate metabolic function of cells in the body and homeostasis
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Endocrine system
Answer: Assists the Nervous system in homeostasis and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation.
These two systems meet at the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Has more long lasting and widespread
effects than the Nervous system.
Question: Endocrinology
Answer: Scientific study of hormones and the endocrine organs.
Question: Exocrine glands
Answer: release their secretions, through tubelike structures called ducts, directly to the organs that use them.
(Those that release sweat, tears, and digestive juices)
Question: Endocrine glands
Answer: Also called ductless glands, produce hormones and lack ducts. They release their hormones into the
surrounding tissue fluid and they typically have a rich vascular and lymphatic drainage that receives their
hormones.
Question: Neuroendocrine organ
Answer: the hypothalmus, has neural functions & produces and releases hormones
Question: Autocrines
Answer: Endocrine gland whose chemicals exert their effects on the same cell that secretes it (local chemical
messenger)
Question: Paracrines
Answer: Locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than the ones that secrete them
Question: Hormones
Answer: Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the
bloodstream, and affect other tissues
Question: Amino acid based
Answer: One of the 2 main structural classes of hormones. Water soluble hormones that act on receptors in the
plasma membrane. Amines and Peptides and Proteins.
Question: Steroids
Answer: A hormone consisting of lipids derived from cholesterol. Of the hormones produced by the major
endocrine organs, only gonadal and adrenocortical hormones are steroids.
Question: Eicosanoids
Answer: (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) modify hormone responses, contribute to inflammation, dilate
airways, and regulate body temperature.
Question: Target cells
Answer: Cells with specific receptors in their membranes to accept specific hormones.
, Question: Second messenger systems
Answer: Hormone binds to a receptor protein on the cell membrane and changes the shape of the receptor.
This leads to the production of an intracellular substance that acts as a second messenger, stimulating a series
of intracellular effects.
Question: Humoral Stimuli
Answer: Secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients
Question: Neural Stimuli
Answer: Nerve fibers stimulate hormone release. Ex: fibers of sympathetic nervous system directly stimulate
adrenal medulla to release epinephrine
Question: Hormonal Stimuli
Answer: Release of hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs.
Question: Half life
Answer: The amount of time it takes for 50% of the hormone to be cleared from the blood
Question: Permissiveness
Answer: One hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present
Question: Synergism
Answer: Combined effects of hormones is greater than sum of individual effects (1+1=3)
Question: Antagonism
Answer: When one hormone apposes or prevents the action of another hormone on a target cell.
Question: Pituitary Gland
Answer: aka Hypophysis. Endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain that secretes hormones that affect
the function of other glands as well as hormones that act directly on physical processes.
Question: Infundibulum
Answer: A stalk that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
Question: Posterior pituitary
Answer: (lobe) is composed largely of neural tissue such as pituicytes and nerve fibers. It releases
neurohormones received ready-made from the hypothalamus. Thus, this lobe is a hormone-storage area and
not a true endocrine gland that manufactures hormones. The posterior lobe plus the infundibulum make up the
region call the neurohypophysis.It secretes two hormones and both are produced in the hypothalamus:
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. They are only stored in the posterior pituitary.
Question: Anterior pituitary
Answer: aka adenohypophysis. "Master gland"; produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate
many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction
Question: What are the functions of hormones?
Answer: Regulate metabolic function of cells in the body and homeostasis
