MED SURGE GI ACTUAL EXAM 2026
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ What causes GERD?
Answer: Weak or inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal
sphincter, allowing gastric contents to reflux into the esophagus.
◉ What are the risk factors for GERD?
Answer: Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol use, hiatal hernia, fatty
or fried foods, caffeine, chocolate, peppermint, carbonated
beverages, large meals before bedtime, delayed gastric emptying,
certain medications, and increased intra-abdominal pressure.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of GERD?
Answer: Pyrosis, dyspepsia, regurgitation, dysphagia,
hypersalivation, esophagitis.
◉ What is the preparation for a barium swallow test?
Answer: NPO 8 hours before the test, explain the patient will drink
barium, stools may appear white/chalky afterward, and increase
fluids after the procedure.
,◉ What is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?
Answer: A procedure requiring NPO 6-8 hours before, consent,
possible sedation, removal of dentures, monitoring of gag reflex, and
reporting severe pain, bleeding, or difficulty swallowing.
◉ What is the management for GERD?
Answer: Low-fat diet, avoid caffeine, beer, milk, tobacco, carbonated
drinks, mint, avoid eating or drinking 2 hours before bedtime,
elevate HOB 6-8 inches, and eat small frequent meals.
◉ What are antacids used for?
Answer: To neutralize gastric acids, examples include Rolaids, Tums,
and Mylanta.
◉ What do H2 receptor antagonists do?
Answer: Reduce acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors,
examples include famotidine (Pepcid) and cimetidine (Tagamet).
◉ What are proton pump inhibitors?
Answer: Medications like omeprazole (Prilosec) and pantoprazole
(Protonix) that decrease the release of gastric acid.
◉ What are prokinetic agents?
, Answer: Medications like metoclopramide (Reglan) that increase
gastric emptying time, contraindicated with Parkinson's.
◉ What is the teaching plan for a client with GERD?
Answer: Eat small frequent meals, avoid overeating, avoid caffeine,
alcohol, tobacco, peppermint, spicy and fatty foods, avoid eating 2
hours before bedtime, elevate HOB 6-8 inches, maintain a healthy
weight, take medications as prescribed, and avoid tight clothing.
◉ What are nursing diagnoses for GERD?
Answer: Risk for deficient fluid volume, imbalanced nutrition, and
risk for aspiration.
◉ What are nursing interventions for nausea and vomiting?
Answer: Monitor intake and output, assess hydration status,
administer antiemetics, maintain NPO status if severe, provide oral
care, gradually advance diet, and monitor electrolyte levels.
◉ What is a hiatal hernia?
Answer: A portion of the stomach protrudes into the esophagus
through an opening in the diaphragm.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of a hiatal hernia?
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ What causes GERD?
Answer: Weak or inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal
sphincter, allowing gastric contents to reflux into the esophagus.
◉ What are the risk factors for GERD?
Answer: Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol use, hiatal hernia, fatty
or fried foods, caffeine, chocolate, peppermint, carbonated
beverages, large meals before bedtime, delayed gastric emptying,
certain medications, and increased intra-abdominal pressure.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of GERD?
Answer: Pyrosis, dyspepsia, regurgitation, dysphagia,
hypersalivation, esophagitis.
◉ What is the preparation for a barium swallow test?
Answer: NPO 8 hours before the test, explain the patient will drink
barium, stools may appear white/chalky afterward, and increase
fluids after the procedure.
,◉ What is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?
Answer: A procedure requiring NPO 6-8 hours before, consent,
possible sedation, removal of dentures, monitoring of gag reflex, and
reporting severe pain, bleeding, or difficulty swallowing.
◉ What is the management for GERD?
Answer: Low-fat diet, avoid caffeine, beer, milk, tobacco, carbonated
drinks, mint, avoid eating or drinking 2 hours before bedtime,
elevate HOB 6-8 inches, and eat small frequent meals.
◉ What are antacids used for?
Answer: To neutralize gastric acids, examples include Rolaids, Tums,
and Mylanta.
◉ What do H2 receptor antagonists do?
Answer: Reduce acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors,
examples include famotidine (Pepcid) and cimetidine (Tagamet).
◉ What are proton pump inhibitors?
Answer: Medications like omeprazole (Prilosec) and pantoprazole
(Protonix) that decrease the release of gastric acid.
◉ What are prokinetic agents?
, Answer: Medications like metoclopramide (Reglan) that increase
gastric emptying time, contraindicated with Parkinson's.
◉ What is the teaching plan for a client with GERD?
Answer: Eat small frequent meals, avoid overeating, avoid caffeine,
alcohol, tobacco, peppermint, spicy and fatty foods, avoid eating 2
hours before bedtime, elevate HOB 6-8 inches, maintain a healthy
weight, take medications as prescribed, and avoid tight clothing.
◉ What are nursing diagnoses for GERD?
Answer: Risk for deficient fluid volume, imbalanced nutrition, and
risk for aspiration.
◉ What are nursing interventions for nausea and vomiting?
Answer: Monitor intake and output, assess hydration status,
administer antiemetics, maintain NPO status if severe, provide oral
care, gradually advance diet, and monitor electrolyte levels.
◉ What is a hiatal hernia?
Answer: A portion of the stomach protrudes into the esophagus
through an opening in the diaphragm.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of a hiatal hernia?
